Indoor antenna design diagram. Simple ways to make a television antenna with your own hands. What is needed to assemble the antenna

Since the advent of radio communications, the issue of using an antenna has been very relevant. In 1961, engineer Kharchenko proposed a design consisting of two rhombuses. With its help, he caught American broadcasts.

Evolution

The antenna, invented by Kharchenko, is double square made of thick copper wire. The squares are connected to each other with open corners, and at this point a television cable is connected to them. To improve directionality, a grille made of conductive material is installed at the rear.

The perimeter of each square is equal to the wavelength to which the reception is tuned. The diameter of the wire for 1-5 television channels should be about 12 cm. Because of this, for radio communications and meter range television (1-12 channels) it turns out to be very cumbersome. To facilitate the design, a gasket with three wires of a smaller cross-section was used, but it still had a lot of weight and dimensions.

The zigzag antenna created by Kharchenko received a second life when broadcasting appeared in the UHF range. Everyone remembers rhombuses, circles, triangles and other homemade figures as a TV antenna for receiving decimeter waves, which hung on many people’s balconies and outside their windows. They were one of the signs of that time.

In 2001, Professor Trevor Marshall (USA) proposed using this design in Bluetooth and WiFi networks.

This article talks about what devices are available for these purposes and how to make such an antenna with your own hands.

You can use one zigzag antenna drawing for all bands. The only differences are in size.

Antennas for TV

There is practically no meter range television, and Kharchenko’s zigzag antenna was not used to receive these channels due to its large dimensions. Therefore, this article only talks about its application for UHF and DVB-T2.

Improving UHF reception

For UHF reception, the zigzag antenna has the following dimensions:

• L1 (outer side of the square) – 141.8 mm;
• L2 (inner side of the square) – 135.6 mm;
• L3 (frame length) – 397.4 mm;
• L4 (frame width) – 198.7 mm;
• L5 (connection gap) – 8.4 mm;
• D (height of racks) – 65 mm;
• B (screen width) – 565 mm;
• H (screen length) – 565 mm;
• wire diameter – 9.6 mm;
• quantity of wire – 1166.9 mm.

It turns out to be quite broadband and does not require additional settings. Connects using a piece of television cable. Characteristic impedance - about 50 Ohms. The antenna matches well with coaxial cable with resistance of both 50 and 75 Ohms. To improve broadband, it can be made not from wire, but from copper or aluminum strip and connected with rivets. The copper strip can be additionally soldered. The length of the strip is calculated between the rivet holes.

If you use an antenna amplifier, then the second square is not needed, you can take only one.

Improved T2 reception

Digital TV DVB-T2 is broadcast at UHF frequencies on channels 21-69 using the multiplex method. Therefore, the design for T2 needs the same dimensions as the antenna for digital television DCV range. However modern televisions if the signal is too strong, it is blocked. Therefore, if the transmitter for T2 is too close, and you want to use the old frame for DVB-T2, then you may need a weaker amplifier for digital television, you will have to cut off one square or remove the screen from the back side. You can also make such a device for t2 with your own hands or use a digital TV antenna made in the form of a circle, 555 mm long. This is enough for digital TV.

Designs for the Internet, 3g and mobile communications

For mobile communications, Bluetooth, 3g and WiFi are used so short waves and high frequencies that the entire device is about 10 cm long and is manufactured according to one drawing for all ranges. The only differences are in the sizes, which can be calculated using an online calculator. You can also use it for your mobile phone.

DIY zigzag antenna

Making an antenna yourself is not difficult. For production you need:

• single-core copper wire;
• soldering iron;
• pliers;
• ruler;
• coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms;
• conductive material for the screen (foil getinaks, DVD or CD disc, sprat can, etc.);
• a stand that provides the correct distance between the antenna and the screen, for example, a plastic bottle cap;
• glue.

The manufacturing process can be divided into several stages:

1. Clean the wire from insulation;
2. Using a ruler, mark the folds;
3. Use pliers to bend the wire in the previously marked places. The more accurately the markings were made and the wire was bent, the better the reception will be;
4. The cable connection points are tinned;
5. The cable is tinned, or a plug is put on the cable, to which pieces of wire 10-15 mm long are soldered;
6. The wire is soldered to the antenna;
7. A stand and a screen are sequentially placed on the cable;
8. The entire structure is glued, for example, with silicone.

Improved WiFi and Bluetooth reception

WiFi is transmitted like other types wireless communication, radio waves. Therefore, this design can also be used to improve the performance of a WiFi router or other devices. According to reviews, if you use a parabolic plate as a screen (alternatively, you can bend it out of a tin can), the gain reaches 31 dB. When using a homemade reflector, its curvature is selected experimentally. To do this, on the device to which the signal is transmitted, you need to install a program that shows the signal level and, changing the curvature of the screen, monitor it.

The calculation is made at a frequency of 2445 MHz.

• L1 (outer side of the square) – 30.8 mm;
• L2 (inner side of the square) – 29.6 mm;
• L3 (frame length) – 84 mm;
• L4 (frame width) – 43 mm;
• L5 (connection gap) – 1.9 mm;
• D (height of racks) – 13.6 mm;
• B (screen width) – 122 mm;
• H (screen length) – 122 mm;
• wire diameter – 2.5 mm;
• quantity of wire – 256.6mm.

Important! The more accurately the dimensions are maintained, the better the reception will be.

You can use a piece of foil getinax for printed circuit boards as a screen. For mechanical strength, the screen is soldered to the wire braid.

You can use a CD or DVD disc. The disk has a thin layer of foil on which information is recorded. In this case, you can make an antenna in a CD box.

Install the Kharchenko antenna horizontally. This is due to the polarization of the signal.

Bluetooth uses the same frequencies as WiFi. Therefore, you need a WiFi range antenna of the same size.

Connecting to a router

If the router has a connector for connecting external antenna, then a plug is soldered to the end of the cable and inserted into the connector.

If it is not there, then to connect you need to open the modem and solder the cable to the board. The shorter the wire, the better. The power of the router is small, and losses in the cable are sometimes decisive.

Attention! This work can only be performed by experienced specialists. Opening the device will void the warranty.

Connecting to a laptop

IN WiFi laptops built-in boards for mobility and reduced size. Therefore, there is no external antenna, and the internal one is low-power. To connect to it, you need to disassemble the laptop and know exactly where it is located. But there is an alternative using USB WiFi adapter with antenna. Having cut it, you can find the central core and screen. A coaxial cable is respectively soldered to them. The ideal option would be to install directly on the adapter to reduce cable losses.

Improved 3g reception

Modern Mobile Internet uses the 3g standard with a signal frequency of 2100 MHz and a wavelength of 143 mm. Therefore, the dimensions will be as follows:

• L1 (outer side of the square) – 37.1 mm;
• L2 (inner side of the square) – 35.5 mm;
• L3 (frame length) – 104 mm;
• L4 (frame width) – 52 mm;
• L5 (connection gap) – 2.2 mm;
• D (height of racks) – 17 mm;
• B (screen width) – 148 mm;
• H (screen length) – 148 mm;
• wire diameter – 2.5 mm;
• quantity of wire – 305.4 mm.

Structurally, the 3g antenna is no different from the design for WiFi.

Connecting to a 3g modem

The most effective way is to connect the cable inside the router, but to do this you need to be a specialist in the field of repairing mobile communication equipment. For everyone else, we can suggest another method.

Wireless connection

To do this, cut two pieces of copper or brass foil, 45 and 27 mm wide and long enough to wrap the modem and solder the edges. We do the same with a wide section, solder the central core of the cable to it and put it on the modem. Instead of a wide piece of foil, you can strip 15-20 cm of wire and wrap the modem tightly. A narrow piece is bent in a semicircle and soldered to the cable braid. The relative position for the best reception is selected experimentally.

Additional Information. If the antenna is connected directly to the modem, without a cable, and the modem itself is connected using a USB extension cable, then losses in the cable can be avoided.

Connect to a smartphone or tablet

It is necessary to strip a piece of cable and wrap the central conductor 10-15 turns around the phone. You can also take a piece of brass or copper foil, solder the central core of the cable to it and insert it between back cover and a cover.

Improved 4g reception

Mobile Internet of the 4g standard uses a frequency of 2600 MHz with a wavelength of 115 mm. Therefore, the dimensions will be:

• L1 (outer side of the square) – 28.9 mm;
• L2 (inner side of the square) – 27.6 mm;
• L3 (frame length) – 81 mm;
• L4 (frame width) – 40.5 mm;
• L5 (connection gap) – 1.7 mm;
• D (height of racks) – 13.2 mm;
• B (screen width) – 115 mm;
• H (screen length) – 115 mm;
• wire diameter – 2 mm;
• quantity of wire – 237.9 mm.

Cell phone antenna

Mobile communications operate in two bands. You can find out which one you need on your operator’s website.

Comparative characteristics

“Double” Bi-Quad (double biquad)

Double biquadrat is also a Kharchenko antenna. It is made with your own hands in the same way as a regular biquadrat. It differs from a regular biquadrat in that at the vertices of the squares, instead of the corners, there are additional squares. The dimensions of these squares are exactly the same as the main ones. Therefore, additional calculation is not needed; you can take the calculation for a regular biquadrat. The calculation for the Kharchenko antenna can be found in this article or use the online calculator program for the calculation. The wires at the intersection are insulated from each other.

The double biquadrat can be continued in the same way. Those who want to make it can easily calculate the length of the wire. This gives additional gain.

Using small homemade directional antennas, you can receive a signal at a distance of up to 2 kilometers. These homemade products are a good replacement for expensive solutions.

Video

If you live in the suburbs, connection problems cable television- is far from uncommon. Maybe, for example, the signal often disappears - this deteriorates the quality of the picture. But the situation can always be corrected, and you can do it yourself, you don’t even need a television technician. A TV antenna made with your own hands from scrap materials is not fantasy, but reality, and the result is a very powerful device that can receive a signal without any problems.

Television "battery" design

How can you make a TV antenna with your own hands if you don’t even have an idea of ​​basic technical concepts? It's simple. You need to find copper or brass wire and arm yourself with a penknife. The method is good for people living in an ordinary city high-rise building. The wire is stripped from each end. One of them should be tied to the central heating radiator, the other should be connected to the TV connector. That's all - the signal will reach without problems immediately after such a connection. The secret is simple: pipes are located throughout the home - including near the roof, due to this the signal is amplified, from five to seven channels will definitely be “caught”.

Antenna dryer

You can make a DIY TV antenna without using batteries. Copper wire can always be tied to the balcony dryer, or more precisely, to its metal strings. The procedure in this case is exactly the same as in the example above. This technique will not only increase the number of television channels - it will also improve the overall picture quality.

"Can" antenna

We present to you another version of a homemade antenna, designed especially for a limited budget. By the way, this method of “catching” TV has been known for a long time. All you need is a few beer (or soda) cans, a TV cable or copper wire, and a clothes hanger. If you have a soldering iron, it’s good, it won’t hurt: the design will be more reliable, the signal will be of much better quality.

Cans of carbonated water or beer are washed and dried well. Then they are carefully secured at both ends of the hanger. This work can be done with electrical tape or tape. The ends of the TV cable are stripped, two copper wires need to be released from under the sheath. Next, the copper ends of the wires are threaded into the “ears” (the same ones with which the can is opened). A wire is clamped between the surface of the container and these “openers”. The entire structure is exposed outside the window - the free end of the TV wire must be inserted into the cavity of the connector. What can I say - the antenna is completely ready for use, it's time to start testing!

Indoor antenna

To make an excellent device that will ensure reliable signal reception, you need a copper wire with a diameter of 2-3 mm. You also need a standard TV cable, a plug, and a small amount of double-sided fiberglass. If copper is not available, aluminum can be used. When there is no antenna for digital television, this option will definitely help.

First, a copper wire is bent into a ring (about 200 mm in diameter) - often using a paint bucket as a guide.

Fiberglass is needed to make the board; without it, the TV antenna will not work. You can do this with your own hands, the main thing is that the size of this element is at least 0.25 by 0.30 cm. To make the board, you need to have some experience - current-carrying paths are transferred from the drawings, they are laid with copper wire, and excess foil is removed.

To ensure that the structure is protected from mechanical damage, it is recommended to secure it in a plastic or metal box. Holes are made in the side faces for the cable and antenna.

When the preparation of the elements is completed, you can assemble the device. The ends of the antenna ring are inserted into the box, bent at right angles, inserted into the board and soldered. Then the front side of the board is turned to the bottom of the box and secured with a nut and screw. A TV cable is threaded into the hole on the box, the central core is soldered to the right end of the antenna ring, and the shielding braid is attached to the foil of the board. All that remains is to close everything, install the cable plug into the connector, and start setting up the channels.

3G antenna

To get the simplest design of a homemade 3G antenna, you need to make two squares from bent wire. The side of each should be 5.3 cm. The ends of the squares are soldered - this way a continuous system is obtained. To make such an antenna with your own hands, the thickness of the copper wire should be from 1 to 4 mm.

What preparatory work should be done? First of all, the RG6U (antenna wire) is stripped, a connector is put on it so that the end protrudes 1 cm from it. That's all, we can say that the device is done. Now you need to make a reflector - plywood is often chosen for this. A 120 by 135 mm tile is wrapped in foil (metal).

GSM antenna

To begin, take an RG6U television cable and strip it from one end. Next, the copper wire is soldered to the central conductor. It can have any thickness, the optimal length is 820 mm (if you are interested in the 900 MHz range). Do-it-yourself GSM antenna is quite possible: a wire is attached vertically upward, a second wire of exactly the same type is soldered to the braid, after which it is attached vertically downwards. The other end of the cable is connected to the phone using an adapter - an excellent amplifier for cellular communication ready.

As can be seen from the numerous examples above, it is indeed possible to make antennas at home for a variety of purposes. But some manufacturing options are quite complex - to get the optimal result, you need certain tools and special skills.

Television today and twenty years ago are two very different things. The number of channels, transmission range, and broadcast format have changed. But, in essence, the principle of transmission TV signal remained the same. Radio waves travel through the air certain frequency, they can be received using an antenna and sent to the TV tuner. We will not consider cable and fiber optic TV signal transmission systems, as well as IPTV (broadcasting via the Internet and SMART TVs).

Just like a couple of decades ago, and today, thrifty owners have a reasonable question: how to make an antenna for a TV with your own hands? And if during the USSR there really was a problem in purchasing a high-quality TV antenna (total shortage), today a TV antenna is made with your own hands solely for reasons of economy.

Options for homemade designs: general principles

Depending on the distance between your TV receiver and the transmitting antenna of the television center, the signal level will change. Another negative factor affecting the quality of television wave propagation is the presence of obstacles. Ideal reception occurs when there is a direct line of sight between the two antennas. That is, you can see the mast of the television center, even through binoculars. If there are buildings or tall trees in the path of the TV signal, there will be no reliable reception. However, waves reflected from other objects can be received by a TV antenna amplifier. If even weak waves do not “break through” to your house, you will have to make a mast. The network of television and radio broadcasting stations is located in such a way that you can receive a signal in any locality.

Beer cans (Pepsi-Cola cans work too)

Why is this material so popular?

• firstly, the missing segment sizes are compensated by a large receiving area: if you unfold the can into a plane, you get a standard sheet;
• secondly, aluminum has excellent conductivity, slightly falling short of copper: accordingly, resistance losses will be minimal;
• thirdly, the aerodynamic shape reduces windage (which is especially important when placed outdoors), and the lightness of the structure does not require particularly strong fastening;
• and, finally, this is an affordable and absolutely free raw material; in addition, lacquered aluminum perfectly resists the influence of moisture.

Before making an antenna out of beer cans, make sure that there are no high-rise buildings between the television center and the reception point that could block the signal.

Despite the relatively high quality reception, this design does not have a high gain. Connecting a standard amplifier may not have an effect due to the complexity of selecting coefficients.

Necessary materials:

1. Two identical liter beer cans, washed and dried. As a last resort, you can use half-liter ones, but the reception range will be reduced.
2. Antenna cable RK-75 of the required length (a design with a wiring length of more than 10 meters will most likely not provide reliable reception).
3. Antenna plug to match your TV.
4. Dielectric fastening bracket for fastening cans: a wooden block, clothes hangers, a plastic pipe (metal-plastic will not work).
5. Fastening elements: electrical tape, tape, or plastic clamps.
6. Soldering iron, standard solder, flux for soldering aluminum.
7. Knife, side cutters, sandpaper.

There is no point in describing formulas for calculating sizes based on the reception frequency; anyway, it will not be possible to change the sizes of the segments. This DIY antenna made from beer cans has been tested many times under various conditions, so we’ll just use a ready-made sample.

We cut the antenna cable. There will be a plug at one end, open the other end so that there is at least 100 mm from the central core to the screen wound into a bundle. To prevent the “bare” braid from being exposed to corrosion, it can be hidden in a heat-shrinkable casing.

We clean the areas for soldering the cable: at the upper ends of the cans. Fine sandpaper is suitable for this.

Stripping is carried out immediately before soldering and to the “bare” metal.

We roll each end of the wire into a ring 3–5 mm in diameter and carefully coat it with solder. Then we screw the resulting terminal to the can using a galvanized self-tapping screw. After that, we clean the joints with flux and solder until the solder “sticks” normally.

We fix the cans (from the point of view of the theory of radio reception, these are now symmetrical vibrators) so that there is exactly 75 mm between the ends with the cable. This is the optimal gap for receiving analog and digital television.

An important step: setting up the product for optimal TV signal reception. Most likely, you know the direction to the broadcast center tower. If not, Yandex cards will help you. Find a television center, your home, and conduct a virtual live broadcast. If you don’t want to bother with azimuth (this is impossible without a compass), determine the direction reference within your visibility zone. For example, a boiler room pipe or other object. For reliable reception, the home TV antenna is positioned strictly perpendicular to the vector to the tower, and horizontally.

If the signal is received reliably, you were lucky the first time. At a considerable distance from the transmitter, you can catch the reflected signal. Even simple antenna made from cans, requires correct orientation in space (although this is not satellite dish). In an area of ​​uncertain reception, all-wave technology can unexpectedly “shoot” in any direction.

A do-it-yourself “beer” decimeter antenna allows you to confidently catch analog channels. How to make an antenna for digital TV? No additional secrets. Digital broadcasting is produced in the same range. If you have a DVB-T2 tuner, you can tune in to one or two multiplexes and receive a free set Russian channels on beer cans.

Information:

If the signal strength is still not enough, you can do antenna amplifier with your own hands.

Typical diagram in the illustration:

However, in order to solder and configure such a device yourself, basic knowledge of radio engineering is required. Still, it’s easier to buy a ready-made device, especially since you’ve already saved on the antenna.

“Eight”, aka rhombus, aka “Z” shaped

Perhaps the most popular design for do-it-yourselfers. This fairly powerful Kharchenko antenna confidently receives meter and decimeter frequencies in analog and digital format. When the question arises: “How to make an antenna with your own hands?”, this option is first of all assumed.

What is its advantage? With compact dimensions, in most cases no amplifier is required. Unless you want to receive a signal on the 1st–3rd floor in a densely built-up microdistrict, where there are dozens of high-rise buildings between you and the television center.

How to make a homemade antenna without complex calculations? For a typical broadcast grid, there is a basic diamond arm size: 140 mm. Distance between wire connection points: 10–15 mm.

Kharchenko's antenna with such dimensions falls right in the middle of the typical broadcast range. If it is necessary to capture other channels (in some regions the grid may operate at non-standard frequencies), a wire structure can be made in several rows. The illustration shows a drawing from Radio magazine from 50 years ago.

Then the meter range was accepted, and the antennas had correspondingly gigantic dimensions. They were made from wire to reduce windage. This manufacturing technology requires patience and a large amount of material. Modern “homemade” people prefer copper tube or an aluminum plate.

To make an indoor antenna using this technology, all you need is a piece of wire. The device hangs in the window opening (in the direction of the television center) and there is no need to worry about it being bent by the wind. Several diamonds can be made, and the reception range will be significantly expanded. An ideal option for digital television, which you can do yourself at the dacha or in a private home.

We amplify the signal without an amplifier

The reception efficiency (primarily this concerns the option under consideration) can be increased without additional electronics. It is enough to install a reflector or reflective screen. It will return television waves back to the antenna field, almost doubling the level. The canvas is located at a distance of 100 mm on the opposite side of the TV tower. A prerequisite is no electrical contact. Moreover, the reflector does not have to be solid. A series of metal tubes or openwork mesh is sufficient.

You can enhance the effect by using the “double biquadrate” design. The same dimensions apply, but the range remains the same. The extra length simply increases the signal strength.

And finally, the most complex antenna for digital TV that you can make yourself

The log-periodic circuit allows you to get maximum gain without additional circuits.

The principle of operation of the design: in the direction of the signal source there are two conductive busbars, on which perpendicular vibrators are installed in strict sequence. Their length and distance between each other are calculated according to a strict algorithm. An error of 2–5% will lead to complete system inoperability. But a correctly assembled antenna will receive analog and digital signal with the highest quality.

Note:

This type of antenna requires careful orientation towards the TV tower.

Can be used with a screen that helps enhance weak signal.

Bottom line

Making a homemade antenna is not just about saving money. This is an excellent opportunity to practice radio engineering, without the risk of damaging expensive radio elements and materials. And if your receiving point is located in an unfavorable location, you can always try a different configuration without buying several factory-made antennas.

Video on the topic

The length of the tubes, and therefore total length vibrator depends on the frequency of the received television station. And it can range from about 50 to 230 MHz. This entire operating range is divided into 12 channels - they are marked on the program selector handle of the TV. So, for the first channel (the “longest wavelength” - about 50 MHz), the length of the vibrator (the distance between the remote ends of the tubes) should be 271-276 cm, for the second - 229-234 and then, respectively - 177-179, 162-163, 147-150, 85, 80, 77, 75, 71, 69, 66 cm. Therefore, before you start building the antenna, find out what channel it is on transmissions from a local television center or repeater.

So, the length of the tubes was determined. Their diameter can be 8-24 mm (most often, tubes with a diameter of 16 mm are used). Flatten one end of each tube and attach the tubes with metal clamps to the Holder and? insulating material (textolite or getinax with a thickness of at least 5 mm) so that the required distance is obtained between the remote ends, and the flattened ends are spaced 60-70 mm from each other. Attach mounting tabs to the flattened ends using screws - they will serve as a kind of tube outlets. It is better, of course, to weld the petals to the ends of the tubes to make the contact more reliable.

Install the holder with tubes. on a mast, which will later be installed on the roof. Now you need to connect the reduction from the antenna to coaxial cable RK-1, RK-3, RK-4 or another with a characteristic impedance of 75 Ohms. But you cannot solder the cable conductors directly to the tube terminals. A matching device is installed between the descent cable and the antenna, which is a loop of two sections of the same coaxial cable. The length of the segments depends on the received television channel.

For the first channel, the size should be 286 cm, and 12 - 95 cm, for subsequent channels - 242 and 80, 187 and 62, 170 and 57, 166 and 52, 84 and 28, 80 and 27, 77 and 26, 74 and 25, 71 and 24, 68 and 23, 66 and 22 cm.

Connection matching device shown in Figure 2. The central cores of the cable and sections are soldered directly to the terminals of the tubes and to each other, and the metal braids are connected with sections of copper wire without insulation. The soldering must be strong and reliable, and the soldering points must be protected with insulating tape.

The matching loop and lowering cable are attached to the mast. The length of the reduction cable must be sufficient to connect to the TV after installing the antenna on the roof. At the end of the cable, a connector is installed that connects to the TV socket.

The antenna is strengthened with guy ropes so that it stands firmly and the vibrator is at a distance of at least 2 m from the roof.

To get the most powerful signal from the antenna, it needs to be oriented as accurately as possible to the television center (or to the repeater antenna). This work is best done by two or even three people. One slowly rotates the antenna around its axis, and the other, watching the TV screen, informs it about changes in contrast and image quality. The antenna is installed and secured in such a position that the contrast is greatest and there is no multi-contour in the image (the result of receiving a signal reflected from nearby buildings).

The population receives the bulk of information through television, viewing of which requires a receiving antenna. You can buy a receiving device at any store, but this is not always possible. In this case, you can make an antenna with your own hands. Next, the main varieties and the order of their assembly will be considered.

The main advantage homemade devices is that they require a minimum of financial costs. It also happens that homemade options are superior to factory ones in many respects.

The advantage is that handicrafts can be called “all-wave”; this is not done intentionally, it turns out just like that. The disadvantages of homemade devices are that they are unaesthetic appearance, although it depends on the hands of the master. A significant disadvantage is the inaccessibility of some materials.

Undoubtedly, there are more advantages, so let’s look at the main handicrafts.

Varieties

"Beer"

To make the product you will need an even number of beer cans. The most common options are made of two pieces. The installation process is quite simple and requires a minimum of tools and consumables.

Instructions:

1. To begin with, take a wooden strip(a hanger will also do), which will serve as a support for the structure.
2. Beer cans are attached to the rail using tape, at a distance of about 6 centimeters.
3. Next, a television cable is attached to the banks. The procedure can be performed using either self-tapping screws or solder.
4. The last step is to attach the base to the mast and adjust the position. A more complex version is made from 6-8 cans. Such an antenna will require two bases installed vertically.
5. 4 cans are attached to the installed bases, parallel to each other.
6. Using a copper plate or wire, you should connect the cans, located on one rack, then perform the procedure on another.
7. The next step is to install the racks into one structure, it should be taken into account that the distance between the bottoms of the cans must be at least 60 mm.
8. It remains to secure the cable at the extreme points connecting plates.

Antenna with minimal costs

It should be remembered that television travels in space in the form of waves that are well perceived by metal objects. To watch several TV channels, you can use a piece of wire, one end of which is attached to the heating system, and the other into the TV to the central contact.

The principle of operation of such an antenna is based on the area of ​​the system, and it envelops almost the entire house at different heights. The reception quality of the design is not the highest. A more interesting option requires a balcony with metal strings for laundry.

The assembly technology is completely similar to the battery system. There are places with reliable signal reception, where you can use a knitting needle, which will make it possible to view the main channels.

Regular antenna

Assembling the antenna yourself is quite simple; you will need a tube made of aluminum or brass. The latter option is more convenient, since this material practically does not oxidize.

Instructions:

1. The length of the tubes should be 276 mm– it is this that ensures the reception of most channels, thickness 20 mm. The tubes should be flattened on one side, then holes should be drilled in these places.
2. The next stage is preparing the base. It must be made of dielectric material, measuring 150 by 50 mm and at least 5 mm thick.
3. Next, a mock-up of the antenna is laid out on a flat surface. The base is laid, the tubes are placed on top of it, the distance between the flattened ends of the tubes is 65 mm, the locations of the holes in the tubes are marked and a hole is made in the base with a drill of the same diameter.
4. The next stage is the assembly of the structure. The tubes are attached to the base using bolts; it is advisable to use an additional fastening in the form of a clamp - this will ensure the strength of the structure. The bolts used for fastening are 15-20 mm long, this is necessary for fastening the loop.
5. Antenna assembly completed, all that remains is to connect the cable; you cannot do this directly to the antenna. The correct connection is made through a ring of wire with a resistance of 75 ohms. The length of the loop is calculated individually depending on the length of the tube; in this situation it is 280 centimeters.

The outlet cable is already connected to the loop.

Powerful antenna

Having dealt with the classic options, you should consider antennas designed to receive the weakest signal. To create one, you will need a minimum of materials, namely a brass tube, a plate of the same material, desire and hands.

Instructions:

1. The manufacture of the receiving device begins with bending two squares of the same size from the tube, mounted on a dielectric base in such a way that the distance between the corners of the squares is 10-15 mm.
2. The next step is making the screen, designed to strengthen the signal power and smooth out radio interference. The screen is curved in the shape of a rectangle 11x10 centimeters, with a side height of 23 mm and a width of 6 mm.
3. When connecting two components, a distance of 12 mm must be maintained. The finished product is connected to the TV using a cable with a resistance of 75 Ohms. An important fact is that this design does not allow the use of bolted connections, only solder is allowed.

When assembled correctly, the model outperforms its factory counterparts.

UHF antenna

Digital television is covering more and more territories, but for its reliable reception a special module is required. Often, the device is purchased separately, but there are TVs that have a built-in module.

But one receiver is not enough; you need an antenna that receives UHF waves. The simplest option is made on a sheet of plywood.

Instructions:

1. For assembly you will need a 75 Ohm TV cable 53 cm long. This segment is fixed on the sheet in the shape of a ring; it can be secured either with clamps or with glue.
2. When bending the loop, make sure that there is a gap of 5-10 mm between the ends of the cable. The second element of the product is made from a similar cable, 15.5 cm long, from which a loop is made.
3. The connection between the ring and the loop is as follows– the inner core of the ring is connected to the winding of both sides. The loop of the central conductor is attached to this twist, and the outer winding is connected between the edges. Central vein antenna cable is connected to the inner core of the loop, and the winding to the loop winding.

Settings

Installation of do-it-yourself products is carried out similarly to factory-made analogues. Most options require a mast to raise them to maximum height.

In most cases, a height of 2-3 meters higher than the height of the roof of the building is sufficient. Additionally, when installing, you should choose a place with the strongest signal, this is especially true for indoor devices.

Configuration is carried out by rearranging or rotating the antenna towards the tower; sometimes it is necessary to install an additional screen on the rear side.

DIY amplifier

There are often situations when a properly assembled and well-tuned antenna refuses to reliably receive a signal, then you simply cannot do without a signal amplifier.

Most of these devices have a complex design, which is difficult to assemble without certain knowledge. A simpler version can be made with your own hands in 10 minutes.

You will need a magnet onto which several turns of television cable are wound. This device can be assembled either near the TV or on an antenna. The latter option is most popular in factory amplifiers.

Results

Concluding the topic, you should pay attention to the fact that the highest quality of reception can be achieved by using soldering (bolts and nuts oxidize, significantly deteriorating the signal). An important aspect is right choice cable. The most popular option is a product with a resistance of 75 Ohms, made of silicone.

Such products have a long service life, plus they are not affected by climate. The way you connect the cable to your TV is important. It is recommended to use special plugs; solderless options are allowed.

Before starting to assemble the product, you need to decide on the type of product; to do this, you should find out the frequency at which the signal is broadcast, this depends on the specific area.