Complete list of CB frequencies. CB radio stations CB frequency grid

CB (English CB, Citizen`s Band) - the frequency range is used for license-free radio communications, available to all citizens in the 27 MHz band. The CB band is on the border between short waves (SW) and ultra-short waves (VHF). Accordingly, the physical properties of the propagation of CB radio waves are similar to both HF and HF. For example, CB radio waves can be reflected from the ionosphere in some conditions, similar to HF waves. On the other hand, the CB band is quite suitable for line-of-sight communications - similar to VHF.

For convenience, in most CB radio stations the frequency is specified not by the nominal value, but by the channel number. The channels are combined into groups of 40 pieces, called “grids”. Grids are designated by letters of the Latin alphabet. On some radio models, the grids do not match each other. Therefore, to designate the frequency, they use the combination: channel number + grid + name of the radio. For example, 27.135 MHz would be designated 15 “C” AM (Alan). That is, channel 15 of grid C on the Alan radio. AM means amplitude. In a popular radio station, the same frequency will be on channel 15 D.

Also, the frequencies of the CB range can be of the “Russian” or “European” grid. The channels of the “European” grid have frequencies 5 kHz higher (ending in 5), “Russian” frequencies ending in 0. Otherwise, these grids in CBS jargon can be called “zeros” and “fives”. Currently, the “Russian” mesh is used little.

Some CB channels are conditionally allocated for special applications. Some radio models even have separate buttons for quickly switching to such channels.
Channel 9 of the World Cup “European” network is a distress and safety channel (transmission of messages about accidents, fires, accidents, traffic jams. This channel is organized around the clock duty of operators of the service “Krik”, (“Petrovka”). Occupy this channel with negotiations between correspondents forbidden.
Channel 15 AM of the “European” grid is and is used for driver communication on the highway
Channel 19 FM international distress channel for emergencies.

CB frequency table

1. Channel CE9 and CE19 - international distress channel for emergency situations.
2. Channel CE15 - international CB channel of freight carriers (truck drivers).
3. For Alan and Vector radio stations, the grids are shifted one to the left. Those. Grid B for Alan will correspond to Grid A in the table.
4. Dragon radios have CB grids shifted two to the left. Those. Grid C in Dragon will correspond to Grid A in the table.

CB is an abbreviation for “civil band” (English CB, Citizen`s Band), adopted to denote license-free radio communications on short waves in the 27 MHz range available to all citizens (in some countries “CB” denotes any type of license-free radio communications on any free ranges).

Almost all over the world, starting from the 60s of the last century, the frequency range 26-28 MHz on a secondary basis (initially, this range was used as one of the “radio dumps”, a section of the range for relieving interference from industrial and medical equipment) was allocated for communication between citizens. The process of registering radio stations to operate on the civilian band at that time did not require special permission and was quite simple, and therefore gained great popularity as a type of free telephone.

Remember! On civilian frequencies, any correspondent has the right to conduct any negotiations that do not violate current legislation, ethical standards and do not interfere with other correspondents.

Any participant in a radio exchange can request control (ask how he can be heard, where he can be heard, etc.). To the extent possible, such requests should always be responded to politely.

Any correspondent in an emergency situation can send a distress signal.

Remember that tomorrow you yourself may find yourself in the same situation. You should not be like primitive and mentally unbalanced people who violate the ethics of communication or create all sorts of interference with the work of other correspondents.

In our country, the use of the civil band was allowed from the beginning of 1989, while imposing strict restrictions on transmitting equipment, output power 0.5 W, channels in “zeros” for AM, and for FM 10 special channels were allocated with a pitch of ... 12.5 kHz (for example, the Ural-Farmer radio station met these requirements).

Later, the equipment requirements were relaxed and brought closer to the characteristics of foreign CB radio stations.

On this moment, the civil radio range extends from 26.960 MHz to 27.855 MHz (grids C and D), amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM) modulation and output power 10 watts. Until recently, citizens had to register their transmitting equipment. From November 1, 2011, in connection with the entry into force of “Resolution No. 837 of October 13, 2011 ON AMENDING THE DECREE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF OCTOBER 12, 2004 N 539,” restrictions on transportable civil band radio stations have been abolished.

Despite the lifting of some restrictions, there are still rules prohibiting use, for example, amplifiers. To minimize your own moral and material damage, you should remember that:

The amplifier is not legal! However, only an RSKOMNADZOR employee authorized and competent in these matters can check its availability, operability and give you a verdict on violation of the law.

If an authorized person discovers an amplifier in your possession, you can try to “agree” by referring to the communications law, which states that any citizen can use any frequencies and operate with any output power in an extreme situation if this is required to preserve anyone's life or health. It is safe to assume that in the event of an accident, being on the outskirts of Moscow, you, for example, will not be able to contact the bare station with the 112 service, the control room of which is located in the center.

Around the world, civil spectrum is divided into channels (fixed communication frequencies) and grids (each grid contains 40 channels). The minimum frequency difference between the two closest channels is 10 kHz. Each grid occupies a frequency band of 450 kHz. The frequency difference between the same channels of adjacent grids corresponds to the same 450 kHz. In total, there are two frequency standards: Russian and European (in the jargon “zeros” and “fives”), which differ from each other only in that the arithmetic value of the frequency of the European band channel is always 5 kHz higher than the Russian one (for example, the 20th channel of the C grid – Russia is on the frequency 27.200 MHz, and the same channel in the European standard is 27.205 MHz).

The Russian frequency grid is usually present in modern equipment, but it is used very infrequently. This standard is popular in regions such as Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, the Baltic states, and Poland. Very often, in this frequency standard they work “long distance” during transits (calling frequency 27.200 MHz). In other cases, in the civilian range they usually work in the “fives”.

If in the same channel one of the correspondents works in the Russian standard and the other in the European one, they will receive each other with strong distortions and only at a short distance.

In the civilian range, two types of modulation (methods of superimposing sound on a radio signal) are also common: amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM). Amplitude modulation is significantly (about one and a half times, all other things being equal) inferior to frequency modulation in terms of reliable communication range. Today all over the world amplitude modulation in the civilian range it is used quite rarely. Perhaps, it is traditionally used only by truckers. This has been going on since the 50s, when operation in the civilian range was first allowed in America. The fact is that in those years electronics were far behind what they are today, and stations with frequency modulation were simply not produced. More than half a century has passed, but this tradition is firmly rooted, despite the fact that amplitude modulation is very noticeably inferior to frequency modulation for a number of factors, such as communication range/quality, noise immunity, etc. To this day, Americans work in AM.

If in the same channel one of the correspondents works in AM and the other in FM, they will receive each other with strong distortions.

Usually, when designating a channel of a particular dispatch service or group of individuals, it is customary to indicate, in addition to its number and grid, also the frequency standard and type of modulation. For example, 9 eC(FM) (9 – channel number, C – grid, e – European frequency standard, FM – type of modulation) – the Rescue Service channel installed all over the world. In this channel you can transmit information about crimes, accidents, accidents, and ask for help. Our Rescue Service (112) operates in this standard only in some cities and towns. 15 eMYSELF) is considered a channel for truckers all over the world.

Grids, frequencies and countries

Depending on the country, the use of this range is either minimally regulated by the rules for conducting local communications, or is not regulated at all.

The table shows the general frequency grid (grids AE, BE, CE, DE, EE, FE, GE, HE, IE, JE). Each frequency channel ends with 5. Russian networks (AP, BP, CP, DP, EP, FP, GP, HP, IP, JP) end with 0. For example, 45AE - 26295 MHz (European channel), 45AP - 26290 MHz ( Russian nanal).
Channels 41 - 45 are “holes”, the gaps between channels 1 to 40
Frequency channels officially approved for use in the Russian Federation are highlighted in color.
Channel CE9 and CE19 are international distress channels for emergency situations.
Channel CE15 - international channel freight carriers (truck drivers).
CB radio frequencies England
In England, in the early eighties, they adopted their own civil radio band - CB27 / 81 with only NFM modulation and later adopted in addition the generally accepted international network - UK CEPT

UK CB27/81: 40 channels NFM, up to 4 W

1 27.60125 11 27.70125 21 27.80125 31 27.90125
2 27.61125 12 27.71125 22 27.81125 32 27.91125
3 27.62125 13 27.72125 23 27.82125 33 27.92125
4 27.63125 14 27.73125 24 27.83125 34 27.93125
5 27.64125 15 27.74125 25 27.84125 35 27.94125
6 27.65125 16 27.75125 26 27.85125 36 27.95125
7 27.66125 17 27.76125 27 27.86125 37 27.96125
8 27.67125 18 27.77125 28 27.87125 38 27.97125
9 27.681 25 19 27.78125 29 27.88125 39 27.98125
10 27.6925 20 27.79125 30 27.89125 40 27.99125

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UK CEPT: 40 FM channels, up to 4 W - grid C in table above
934 UK: 20 channels, up to 8 W power. The canal network was closed in 1998.

1 934.0125 11 934.5125
2 934.0625 12 934.5625
3 934.1125 13 934.6125
4 934.1625 14 934.6625
5 934.2125 15 934.7125
6 934.2625 16 934.7625
7 934.3125 17 934.8125
8 934.3625 18 934.8625
9 934.4125 19 934.9125
10 934.4625 20 934.9625

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CB radio frequencies Australia

Australian 27 MHz: 40 AM channels. up to 4 W

Australian 27 MHz

1 27.9650 11 27.0850 21 27.2150 31 27.3150
2 27.9750 12 27.1050 22 27.2250 32 27.3250
3 27.9850 13 27.1150 23 27.2550 33 27.3350
4 27.0050 14 27.1250 24 27.2350 34 27.3450
5 27.0150 15 27.1350 25 27.2450 35 27.3550
6 27.0250 16 27.1550 26 27.2650 36 27.3650
7 27.0350 17 27.1650 27 27.2750 37 27.3750
8 27.0550 18 27.1750 28 27.2850 38 27.3850
9 27.0650 19 27.1850 29 27.2950 39 27.3950
10 27.0750 20 27.2050 30 27.3050 40 27.4050

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Australian 476 MHz: 40 FM channels. up to 5 W

Australian 476 MHz

1 476.425 11 476.675 21 476.925 31 477.175
2 476.450 12 476.700 22 476.950 32 477.200
3 476.475 13 476.725 23 476.975 33 477.225
4 476.500 14 476.750 24 477.000 34 477.250
5 476.525 15 476.775 25 477.025 35 477.275
6 476.550 16 476.800 26 477.050 36 477.300
7 476.575 17 476.825 27 477.075 37 477.325
8 476.600 18 476.850 28 477.100 38 477.350
9 476.625 19 476.875 29 477.125 39 477.375
10 476.650 20 476.900 30 477.150 40 477.400

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New Zealand CB radio frequencies

New Zealand: 26 MHz 40 channels AM up to 4 W, SSB up to 12 W

New Zealand 26 MHz

CBL-1 26.330 CBL-11 26.450 CBL-21 26.580 CBL-31 26.680
CBL-2 26.340 CBL-12 26.470 CBL-22 26.590 CBL-32 26.690
CBL-3 26.350 CBL-13 26.480 CBL-23 26.620 CBL-33 26.700
CBL-4 26.370 CBL-14 26.490 CBL-24 26.600 CBL-34 26.710
CBL-5 26.380 CBL-15 26.500 CBL-25 26.610 CBL-35 26.720
CBL-6 26.390 CBL-16 26.520 CBL-26 26.630 CBL-36 26.730
CBL-7 26.400 CBL-17 26.530 CBL-27 26.640 CBL-37 26.740
CBL-8 26.420 CBL-18 26.540 CBL-28 26.650 CBL-38 26.750
CBL-9 26.430 CBL-19 26.550 CBL-29 26.660 CBL-39 26.760
CBL-10 26.440 CBL-20 26.570 CBL-30 26.670 CBL-40 26.770

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New Zealand: 27 MHz 40 channels AM up to 4 W, SSB up to 12 W

New Zealand 27 MHz

CBU-1 27.9650 CBU-11 27.0850 CBU-21 27.2150 CBU-31 27.3150
CBU-2 27.9750 CBU-12 27.1050 CBU-22 27.2250 CBU-32 27.3250
CBU-3 27.9850 CBU-13 27.1150 CBU-23 27.2550 CBU-33 27.3350
CBU-4 27.0050 CBU-14 27.1250 CBU-24 27.2350 CBU-34 27.3450
CBU-5 27.0150 CBU-15 27.1350 CBU-25 27.2450 CBU-35 27.3550
CBU-6 27.0250 CBU-16 27.1550 CBU-26 27.2650 CBU-36 27.3650
CBU-7 27.0350 CBU-17 27.1650 CBU-27 27.2750 CBU-37 27.3750
CBU-8 27.0550 CBU-18 27.1750 CBU-28 27.2850 CBU-38 27.3850
CBU-9 27.0650 CBU-19 27.1850 CBU-29 27.2950 CBU-39 27.3950
CBU-10 27.0750 CBU-20 27.2050 CBU-30 27.3050 CBU-40 27.4050

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New Zealand: 476-477 MHz 80 channels AM up to 4 W, SSB up to 12 W

New Zealand 476-477 MHz

PRS-1 476.4250 Repeater Channel
PRS-2 476.4500 Repeater Channel
PRS-3 476.4750 Repeater Channel
PRS-4 476.5000 Repeater Channel
PRS-5 476.5250 Emergency repeater output
PRS-6 476.5500 Repeater Channel
PRS-7 476.5750 Repeater Channel
PRS-8 476.6000 Repeater Channel
PRS-9 476.6250 General Chat Channel
PRS-10 476.6500 General Chat Channel
PRS-11 476.6750 Call Channel
PRS-12 476.7000 General Chat Channel
PRS-13 476.7250 General Chat Channel
PRS-14 476.7500 General Chat Channel
PRS-15 476.7750 General Chat Channel
PRS-16 476.8000 General Chat Channel
PRS-17 476.8250 General Chat Channel
PRS-18 476.8500 General Chat Channel
PRS-19 476.8750 General Chat Channel
PRS-20 476.9000 General Chat Channel
PRS-21 476.9250 General Chat Channel
PRS-22 476.9500 Data Only (No Voice - No Packet)
PRS-23 476.9750 Data Only (No Voice - No Packet)
PRS-24 477.0000 General Chat Channel
PRS-25 477.0250 General Chat Channel
PRS-26 477.0500 General Chat Channel
PRS-27 477.0750 General Chat Channel
PRS-28 477.1000 General Chat Channel
PRS-29 477.1250 Road Channel between Sydney and Brisbane via Pacific Mwy/Hwy.
PRS-30 477.1500 General Chat Channel
PRS-31 477.1750 Repeater Input
PRS-32 477.2000 Repeater Input
PRS-33 477.2250 Repeater Input
PRS-34 477.2500 Repeater Input
PRS-35 477.2750 Emergency repeater input
PRS-36 477.3000 Repeater Input
PRS-37 477.3250 Repeater Input
PRS-38 477.3500 Repeater Input
PRS-39 477.3750 General Chat Channel
PRS-40 477.4000 Road Channel Australia Wide
PRS-41 476.4375 Repeater Channel
PRS-42 476.4625 Repeater Channel
PRS-43 476.4875 Repeater Channel
PRS-44 476.5125 Repeater Channel
PRS-45 476.5375 Repeater Channel
PRS-46 476.5625 Repeater Channel
PRS-47 476.5875 Repeater Channel
PRS-48 476.6125 Repeater Channel
PRS-49 476.6375 General Chat Channel
PRS-50 476.6625 General Chat Channel
PRS-51 476.6875 General Chat Channel
PRS-52 476.7125 General Chat Channel
PRS-53 476.7375 General Chat Channel
PRS-54 476.7625 General Chat Channel
PRS-55 476.7875 General Chat Channel
PRS-56 476.8125 General Chat Channel
PRS-57 476.8375 General Chat Channel
PRS-58 476.8625 General Chat Channel
PRS-59 476.8875 General Chat Channel
PRS-60 476.9125 General Chat Channel
PRS-61 476.9375 Reserved for Future Expansion
PRS-62 476.9625 Reserved for Future Expansion
PRS-63 476.9875 Reserved for Future Expansion
PRS-64 477.0125 General Chat Channel
PRS-65 477.0375 General Chat Channel
PRS-66 477.0625 General Chat Channel
PRS-67 477.0875 General Chat Channel
PRS-68 477.1125 General Chat Channel
PRS-69 477.1375 General Chat Channel
PRS-70 477.1625 General Chat Channel
PRS-71 477.1875 Repeater Input
PRS-72 477.2125 Repeater Input
PRS-73 477.2375 Repeater Input
PRS-74 477.2625 Repeater Input
PRS-75 477.2875 Repeater Input
PRS-76 477.3125 Repeater Input
PRS-77 477.3375 Repeater Input
PRS-78 477.3625 Repeater Input
PRS-79 477.3875 General Chat Channel
PRS-80 477.4125 General Chat Channel

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CB radio frequencies of the USA and Canada

CB radio frequency

Ultra Low is used in the USA and Canada.
1 25.165
2 25.175
3 25.185
3a 25.195
4 25.205
5 25.215
6 25.225
7 25.235
7a 25.245
8 25.255
9 25.265
10 25.275
11 25.285
11a 25.295
12 25.305
13 25.315
14 25.325
15 25.335
15a 25.345
16 25.355
17 25.365
18 25.375
19 25.385
19a 25.395
20 25.405
21 25.415
22 25.425
23 25.455
24 25.435
25 25.445
26 25.365
27 25.375
28 25.385
29 25.395
30 25.505
31 25.515
32 25.525
33 25.535
34 25.545
35 25.555
36 25.565
37 25.575
38 25.585
39 25.595
40 25.605
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Super Low is used in the USA and Canada.
1 25.615
2 25.625
3 25.635
3a 25.645
4 25.655
5 25.665
6 25.675
7 25.685
7a 25.695
8 25.705
9 25.715
10 25.725
11 25.735
11a 25.745
12 25.755
13 25.765
14 25.775
15 25.785
15a 25.795
16 25.805
17 25.815
18 25.825
19 25.835
19a 25.845
20 25.855
21 25.865
22 25.875
23 25.905
24 25.885
25 25.895
26 25.915
27 25.925
28 25.935
29 25.945
30 25.955
31 25.965
32 25.975
33 25.985
34 25.995
35 26.005
36 26.015
37 26.025
38 26.035
39 26.045
40 26.055
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Low Low is used in the USA and Canada.
1 26.065
2 26.075
3 26.085
3a 26.095
4 26.105
5 26.115
6 26.125
7 26.135
7a 26.145
8 26.155
9 26.165
10 26.175
11 26.185
11a 26.195
12 26.205
13 26.215
14 26.225
15 26.235
15a 26.245
16 26.255
17 26.265
18 26.275
19 26.285
19a 26.295
20 25.305
21 26.315
22 26.325
23 26.335
24 26.345
25 26.355
26 26.365
27 26.375
28 26.385
29 26.395
30 26.405
31 26.415
32 26.425
33 26.435
34 26.445
35 26.455
36 26.465
37 26.475
38 26.485
39 26.495
40 26.505
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Low is used in the USA and Canada.
1 26.515
2 26.525
3 26.535
3a 26.545
4 26.555
5 26.565
6 26.575
7 26.585
7a 26.595
8 26.605
9 26.615
10 26.625
11 26.635
11a 26.645
12 26.655
13 26.665
14 26.675
15 26.685
15a 26.695
16 26.705
17 26.715
18 26.725
19 26.835
19a 26.745
20 26.755
21 26.765
22 26.775
23 26.805
24 26.785
25 26.795
26 26.815
27 26.825
28 26.835
29 26.845
30 26.855
31 26.865
32 26.875
33 26.885
34 26.895
35 26.905
36 26.915
37 26.925
38 26.935
39 26.945
40 26.955
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Mid is used in Canada. US Main Band: 40 channels AM/SSB
1 26.965
2 26.975
3 26.985
3a 26.995
4 27.005
5 27.015
6 27.025
7 27.035
7a 27.045
8 27.055
9 27.065
10 27.075
11 27.085
11a 27.095
12 27.105
13 27.115
14 27.125
15 27.135
15a 27.145
16 27.155
17 27.165
18 27.175
19 27.185
19a 27.195
20 27.205
21 27.215
22 27.225
23 27.255
24 27.235
25 27.245
26 27.265
27 27.275
28 27.285
29 27.295
30 27.305
31 27.315
32 27.325
33 27.335
34 27.345
35 27.355
36 27.365
37 27.375
38 27.385
39 27.395
40 27.405
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High is used in the USA and Canada.
1 27.415
2 27.425
3 27.435
3a 27.445
4 27.455
5 27.465
6 27.475
7 27.485
7a 27.495
8 27.505
9 27.515
10 27.525
11 27.535
11a 27.545
12 27.555
13 27.565
14 27.575
15 27.585
15a 27.595
16 27.605
17 27.615
18 27.625
19 27.635
19a 27.645
20 27.655
21 27.665
22 27.675
23 27.705
24 27.685
25 27.695
26 27.715
27 27.725
28 27.735
29 27.745
30 27.755
31 27.765
32 27.775
33 27.785
34 27.795
35 27.805
36 27.815
37 27.825
38 27.835
39 27.845
40 27.855
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High High is used in the USA and Canada.
1 27.865
2 27.875
3 27.885
3a 27.885
4 27.905
5 27.915
6 27.925
7 27.935
7a 27.945
8 27.955
9 27.965
10 27.975
11 27.985
11a 27.995
12 28.005
13 28.015
14 28.025
15 28.035
15a 28.045
16 28.055
17 28.065
18 28.075
19 28.085
19a 28.095
20 28.105
21 28.115
22 28.125
23 28.155
24 28.135
25 28.145
26 28.165
27 28.175
28 28.185
29 28.195
30 28.205
31 28.215
32 28.225
33 28.235
34 28.245
35 28.255
36 28.265
37 28.275
38 28.285
39 28.295
40 28.305
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Super High is used in the USA and Canada.
1 28.315
2 28.325
3 28.335
3a 28.345
4 28.355
5 28.365
6 28.375
7 28.385
7a 28.395
8 28.405
9 28.415
10 28.425
11 28.435
11a 28.445
12 28.455
13 28.465
14 28.475
15 28.485
15a 28.495
16 28.505
17 28.515
18 28.525
19 28.535
19a 28.545
20 28.555
21 28.565
22 28.575
23 28.605
24 28.585
25 28.595
26 28.615
27 28.625
28 28.635
29 28.645
30 28.655
31 28.665
32 28.675
33 28.685
34 28.695
35 28.705
36 28.715
37 28.725
38 28.735
39 28.745
40 28.755
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Ultra High is used in the USA and Canada.
1 28.765
2 28.775
3 28.785
3a 28.795
4 28.805
5 28.815
6 28.825
7 28.835
7a 28.845
8 28.855
9 28.865
10 28.875
11 28.885
11a 28.895
12 28.905
13 28.915
14 28.925
15 28.935
15a 28.945
16 28.955
17 28.965
18 28.975
19 28.985
19a 28.995
20 29.005
21 29.015
22 29.025
23 29.055
24 29.035
25 29.045
26 29.065
27 29.075
28 29.085
29 29.095
30 29.105
31 29.115
32 29.125
33 29.135
34 29.145
35 29.155
36 29.165
37 29.175
38 29.185
39 29.195
40 29.205

How much does a walkie-talkie cost for a car? This depends primarily on the manufacturer and the country where they are produced. And it also depends on the quality of the components of a particular model and the number of operating functions. The most expensive radio stations are amateur models with an expanded number of functions (Ham radio). Most of the functions in such walkie-talkies are never used by ordinary users or truck drivers. Their price can be from 12,000 - 15,000 rubles to 30,000 and above. There are simple walkie-talkies with a minimum of functions. Such models are cheaper, although it is not a fact that they are bad. Their price starts from 3000 rubles.

Which radio station for truckers to choose?

Below is a list of currently popular models. Among them there are very simple and inexpensive ones, and there are also multifunctional ones with a higher price tag. Amateur radios not presented here.

.
These radio stations appeared not very long ago, but have already gained popularity among car enthusiasts. Track radios are a brand of the VectorCom company and are produced in high-tech production. Each radio has a warranty card with a one-year warranty. They break extremely rarely. Repairs are carried out in our own service center. Consider the Truck radio station. These radios are also distinguished by their low price combined with excellent quality.

general information

Attention! From 11.2011 it is NOT REQUIRED to obtain permission to operate in the 27 MHz band with an output power of a radio transmitting device of up to 10 Watts!

In many countries around the world, since approximately the 60s and 70s, frequencies from 26 MHz to 28 MHz have been allocated for routine communications of civilians and organizations on a secondary basis*. Equipment operating on these frequencies did not require a complex registration process, and the band (CB - Citizen Band) was primarily used as a conversational alternative to the telephone, for which most countries charge a time fee. During the long-distance propagation** of radio waves, to this day you can hear French or Italian housewives discussing which gladioli are planted in their beds, or other small everyday problems.
It should be remembered that any correspondent has the right to conduct any negotiations in the civil range without violating ethics or interfering with other correspondents.

Any correspondent can ask to check the operation of his equipment or the strength of his signal. Such requests should always be responded to politely whenever possible.
Any correspondent in an emergency situation can send a distress signal. Remember that tomorrow you yourself may find yourself in the same situation. You should not be like primitive and mentally unbalanced people who violate the ethics of communication or create all sorts of interference with the work of other correspondents.

In Russia, the civil band was opened for widespread use in the late 80s, but our legislation imposed certain restrictions on work in it. We are allowed to use equipment with an output power not exceeding 10 W, and to use frequencies from 26.960 MHz to 27.855 MHz (generally accepted grids C and D) for communication. Unfortunately, these rules were outdated even before they were introduced. In large cities, the permitted frequency range is heavily overpopulated, and the level of industrial interference and interference from household equipment is very high. All this makes it impossible to organize reliable communication while observing the above rules.

However, in Russia no one particularly monitors their compliance, and users are brought to administrative responsibility extremely rarely, only in cases of flagrant violations. However, in order to avoid possible troubles when operating the equipment installed on the machine, it is strongly recommended to comply with the following rules:

1. The radio station must be registered. The type and number of the radio must match the type and number indicated on the registration documents.
2. It is recommended to install the amplifier in a place inaccessible to inspection by traffic police officers (unlike a search, the search is carried out without the use of an instrument; a search requires the permission of the prosecutor or the head of the Internal Affairs Directorate, the police officer on duty.) If the traffic police officers try to conduct a search without the necessary sanctions, then subsequently, if you behave competently, they can be punished quite seriously.
3. If your equipment is not registered, but is installed on a car, you just need to disconnect the power wires and antenna from it in order for it to legally become a set of radio components that do not require any registration.
4. In case of seizure of equipment, you should insist on drawing up a seizure report in accordance with all the rules, always with the participation of attesting witnesses. The seizure and compilation of documents is carried out only by the investigator or, in some cases, by the interrogating officer.

Typically, traffic police officers try not to get involved with citizens who behave correctly but insist on complying with the law. And yet, despite this, it is better not to create precedents for conflict situations.

A fairly compelling defense in such cases can be the fact that, according to the law, any citizen can use any frequencies and operate with any output power in an extreme situation, if this is required to preserve anyone’s life or health. It is safe to assume that in the event of an accident, being on the outskirts of Moscow, for example, you will not be able to contact the Rescue Service, whose control room is located in the center, from a bare station. This, of course, does not justify the constant use of an amplifier, but its presence in the car may well explain it.

All over the world, it is customary to divide the civil range into channels (fixed communication frequencies) and grids (each grid contains 40 channels). The minimum frequency difference between the two closest channels is 10 kHz. Each grid occupies a frequency band of 450 kHz. The frequency difference between the same channels of adjacent grids corresponds to the same 450 kHz. There are two frequency standards in the world: Russian and European (in the jargon, “zeros” and “fives”), which differ from each other only in that the arithmetic value of the channel frequency of the European range is always 5 kHz higher than the Russian one (for example, the 20th channel of the grid C – Russia is on the frequency 27.200 MHz, and the same channel in the European standard is 27.205 MHz).

The Russian frequency grid is now rarely implemented in equipment, but it is used very infrequently. This standard is popular in regions such as Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, the Baltic states, and Poland. Very often in this frequency standard they work “at a distance” during passages. In other cases, in the civilian range they usually work in “fives”.
If in the same channel one of the correspondents works in the Russian standard and the other in the European one, they will receive each other with strong distortions and only at a short distance.

In the civilian range, two types of modulation (methods of superimposing sound on a radio signal) are also common: amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM). Amplitude modulation is significantly (about one and a half times, all other things being equal) inferior to frequency modulation in terms of reliable communication range. Today, amplitude modulation in the civil band is used quite rarely throughout the world. Perhaps, it is traditionally used only by truck drivers. This has been going on since the 50s, when operation in the civilian range was first allowed in America. The fact is that in those years electronics were far behind what they are today, and stations with frequency modulation were simply not produced. More than half a century has passed, but this tradition is firmly rooted, despite the fact that amplitude modulation is very noticeably inferior to frequency modulation for a number of factors, such as communication range/quality, noise immunity, etc.

If in the same channel one of the correspondents works in AM and the other in FM, they will receive each other with strong distortions.
Usually, when designating a channel of a particular dispatch service or group of individuals, it is customary to indicate, in addition to its number and grid, also the frequency standard and type of modulation. For example, 9 C E FM (9 – channel number, C – grid, E – European frequency standard, FM – type of modulation) is a Rescue Service channel established all over the world. In this channel you can transmit information about crimes, accidents, accidents, and ask for help. Our Rescue Service operates in this standard only in some cities and towns. 15 S E AM is considered the channel of truckers all over the world.

Notes:

...on a secondary basis- initially this range in Russia was used as one of the “radio dumps”. Industrial or household equipment, which cannot but emit radio interference, tried to be designed so that it emits interference precisely at these frequencies and does not interfere at others. The same range is sometimes used for the operation of security systems, radio control equipment for children's toys, etc.
...long-distance- The nature of radio waves differs little from the nature of visible light. In this regard, the principles of their distribution in space are very similar. In general, a radio wave, like light, travels in a straight line. Therefore, due to the natural topography and roundness of the planet, the communication range covers approximately 150 km as a maximum. But under certain conditions, radio waves can also be reflected from the upper atmosphere. In this case, high-quality communication is possible over vast distances (thousands of kilometers) using equipment with very modest characteristics. Unfortunately, in the civil band, long-range propagation can be considered more of a nuisance than a useful phenomenon due to its rarity and poor predictability.
...registered- permission is obtained from the regional office of Rossvyaznadzor.
Amplifier- the vast majority of types of civilian radio stations have a factory-provided output power of about 10 W. In order to increase it, amplifiers are used. This device only works when operating in transmit mode, although some amplifiers have a receive amplifier (there is a technically illiterate term “preamplifier”). For several reasons this function makes no sense and only worsens the reception. The recommended output power of the amplifier installed on the machine should be at least 100 W. As practice shows, this is already enough for reliable communication over acceptable distances in difficult urban conditions, with a sufficiently efficient antenna.
…15 S E AM is considered a channel for truckers all over the world. - in some regions, such as Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, the Baltic states, Poland, truckers work in “zeros”, in addition, in the Baltic states they can use the 12th, 13th channels.

Basic radio controls

Volume knob Adjusts only the volume of the received signal and has no relation to the volume of your voice in the speaker of the operator with whom you are communicating (that is, the modulation level). In most types of radios - combined with the power switch (far left position until it clicks).
Noise reduction level adjustment knob "SQ"(noise reduction)
Exists in order not to receive ethereal noises in the absence useful signal. CB radios often use a threshold noise reduction circuit. The position of the handle determines the level input signal, when exceeded, the speaker turns on and the radio station makes any sound. If this level is set too low, the radio station will begin to make noise on reception, allowing airborne interference to pass through. If, on the contrary, it is overestimated, you risk sharply reducing the communication range, since the useful signal may be less than the set threshold. The last case is the most unpleasant, because you may very soon realize that they have been trying to contact you for a long time and unsuccessfully. It is recommended to periodically check the position of the threshold noise reduction knob, “opening” the noise reduction until ethereal noise appears, and then “pulling it up” until it disappears. On some types of radio stations (Megajet - 600 Plus, Megajet - 300, Alinko DR-M 03, etc.) the SQ knob has automatic (spectral) noise reduction. In the vast majority of cases, this is more convenient, but in dense air conditions (especially in AM) or with strong passes, spectral noise reduction is ineffective compared to threshold noise reduction.
PTT "PTT" Unlike telephone communications, the civilian band uses a simplex radio mode (that is, you can either talk or listen). Push-to-talk (receive-transmit switch) in car radios removed from the case along with a microphone, buttons for switching channels up and down and, sometimes, with buttons for turning on some other functions. In the normal position (push-to-talk is not pressed), the radio station is receiving. When you press the PTT switch, the radio switches to transmit.
Switching channels The channel switch knob is usually located on front panel radio station, and the buttons duplicating its function are on the PTT button.
“AM/FM” button (switching the type of modulation)
As already mentioned, it determines the method of superimposing audio information on a radio signal. Typically, the type of modulation in which the radio station is currently operating is displayed on the display. Historically, only truck drivers work in AM in the civilian band. In almost all other cases, FM is used, since it is a more progressive type of modulation, providing, all other things being equal, a greater range/quality of communication.
"Scan" button This button enables scanning mode. The radio station begins to flip through channels within one grid or all frequency range, depending on the type. Some types of radios can be set to scan only certain channels. Scanning stops in the channel in which the input signal opens the noise gate. When the noise suppressor closes, scanning will continue. You can disable this mode not only with the button, but in most types of radio stations also by pressing the transmit button. The activation of the “Scan” mode is usually indicated on the display. A practically useless function.
DW (dual channel) button When you turn on the “dual channel” mode, the radio starts listening in turn to the channel in which it was at the moment you pressed this button, and the channel to which you moved it. IN different types Radio stations implement this function very differently and sometimes allow you to work on transmission in one of the channels. The activation of DW mode is usually indicated on the display. Not a very useful function.
Button "CH9" The presence of this button allows you to quickly switch to the Rescue Service frequency in an emergency situation. I would like to hope that this button will remain unnecessary for you. Performs often additional function switching grids.
Grid switch button It is designated differently, but most often this functional load is carried by the “CH9” button. On some devices, in order to quickly switch from one frequency to another, the function of switching ten channels at once has been introduced.
Microphone sensitivity adjustment knob “Mic. gain" The knob allows you to adapt the individual characteristics of your voice and the way you hold the microphone to the optimal level of modulation. If you speak too loudly when the microphone sensitivity is set to high, the correspondent receiving you will hear your voice with strong distortion (overmodulation). If, on the contrary, you speak quietly and the sensitivity of the microphone is low, your voice will be uncomfortably quiet for the receiving correspondent. Therefore, if your radio station uses manual rather than automatic microphone sensitivity adjustment, all that remains is to contact someone on the air and ask for help adjusting the modulation level. When setting up, you need to speak at the same volume as during further work. It is recommended to always keep the microphone at a distance of 5-10 cm from the lips and not in front, but on the side, closer to the cheek, so as not to blow into it. As a rule, the manufacturer implements this function in order to take advantage of the ignorance of consumers and rip off more money from them. The fewer unnecessary functions, the more reliable the device and the more convenient it is to use.
Reception sensitivity adjustment knob “RF gain”
When operating the radio in a car, interference from electrical equipment and the ignition system can severely interfere with reception. It can cause a lot of trouble for operators of base radio stations. high level atmospheric interference. Sometimes in such cases it is justified to reduce the sensitivity of a radio station receiver (“coarse”), and this knob allows you to do this. In practice, in most cases this feature is of little value.
ASQ (Automatic Noise Cancellation) button Allows you to analyze input signals in a more advanced way than the threshold noise reduction system. In general, very useful feature, although on some radio stations (for example, Maycom - 27) it is completely inoperative.
Lock button As conceived by the developers, this function does not allow you to “jump out” of the working channel through negligence. The activation of the “Lock” mode is shown on the display. When this function is activated, part of the keyboard is locked.
Beep button When this function is activated, a short short sound signal when pressing any button, making it less likely to accidentally exit a working channel or change other settings. The activation of the function is shown on the display. Not a very valuable feature.
RB button When this function is activated, a short sound signal is sent on air at the end of the transmission. The function can be useful in noisy air conditions, when radio exchange is carried out at the limit of intelligibility. In other cases, it is better to turn it off, since the constant beeping at the end of the program simply hurts the ears of the correspondents with whom you work. Again, not a very valuable feature.
"RA" mode On some radio stations, when you connect an external speaker outside the car, this mode implements the megaphone function. When you press the PTT button in this mode, your voice will be heard through the external speaker. The activation of this function is displayed on the display. The meaning of introducing this function into the equipment is simply unclear , since it's a day off ULF power the radio station is absolutely not enough to notify anyone outside the car.

There are many others for different devices. functionality. For example, the “channel memory” function allows you to access a pre-recorded channel by pressing one or two buttons; the built-in voltmeter shows the supply voltage, and therefore the on-board network; the “Local” switch roughens the receiver input by a fixed amount, etc. In general, it should be remembered that a radio station oversaturated with functions is, as a rule, not only more expensive, but also less convenient to use, and also less reliable. You should not succumb to manufacturers’ provocations and buy fancy, ineffective devices.

Indication of radio operating modes

Most types of civil band radios use a multi-purpose liquid crystal display (LCD) with a backlight (sometimes switchable) to indicate operating modes for better readability of symbols in low light conditions. As a rule, the entire display system is tied to it. Typically the following parameters are displayed:
Operating frequency To prevent the user from bothering himself with complex calculations, the operating frequency is usually indicated as a channel and grid number (for example, 9C). Sometimes the channel and grid are displayed in different parts LCD On some types of radio stations, the operating frequency is directly reflected on the LCD, or both designation methods are combined.
Modulation type The AM or FM symbol on the display indicates the type of modulation in which the device is currently operating.
Reception/transmission When the radio station is operating for reception, the RX symbol appears on the LCD on some types of radio stations, and the TX symbol appears on the LCD on almost all types of radio stations when operating for transmission.
Received signal strength (S-meter) An S-meter exists on almost every modern civilian radio station. On some radios, for example, Yosan - Turbo or Alan - 48 Excel, the S-meter is implemented as an additional pointer device, since it more accurately reflects small changes in the input signal level. Considering that a radio station can fully operate at an input signal level from millionths of a volt to units of volts, a single logarithmic scoring system for this level was adopted throughout the world for convenience. For example, a signal of 9 corresponds to a voltage at the receiver input of 50 µV (50 millionths of a volt). If the voltage is half as much, the S-meter will show 1 point less, if it is 4 times less, the S-meter will show 2 points less, and so on. If the voltage is more than 50 µV, then the S-meter will show an increase in decibels relative to the level of 50 µV. For example, the S-meter reading “9+30” corresponds to an input signal level of 1.5 mV at the receiver input (physically, 1 point corresponds to 6 decibels). Perhaps such a system for estimating the input signal level seems too complicated, but for a number of reasons caused by the design features of the equipment and traditions, it is advisable, and it is strongly recommended that you learn how to use it. You should also know that, all other things being equal, an increase in the output power of the equipment by 4 times leads to an increase in its signal by 1 point. On an LCD, the S-meter is usually implemented in the form of a scale consisting of a number of segments designated by numbers that correspond to the input signal level in points. Most often this is not a full comb of nine or more segments, but only part of the fixed levels, for example, 1 – 3 – 5 – 9 – 9+30. With everyday use, such a device is quite enough to monitor the operation of your equipment and the equipment of the correspondents with whom you communicate. Unfortunately, manufacturers, as a rule, do not calibrate S-meters on civilian communications equipment, and their readings are far from reality. However, this does not prevent them from being used for an approximate signal assessment. In general, this function is very useful in operation.
Radio output power indicator In most cases it is combined with the S-meter. At reception, the input signal level is indicated, at transmission - output power. Only the numerical values ​​above a number of segments change. Unfortunately, on almost all radio stations this function is implemented incorrectly in the circuitry and the device shows numbers that are very far from reality, but occasionally it can still be used to determine the presence of serious malfunctions. In general, due to the ugly circuit design, this function cannot be used.

However, given that the LCD is directly connected to the radio processor, it is easy to determine some malfunctions from it. So, if no symbols are displayed on the LCD while the backlight is working, it can be assumed that the processor itself has failed or is not receiving power. If only some of the symbols are displayed and the radio station does not listen to the controls, most likely the processor is frozen. In this case, sometimes it is enough to turn off the power and turn it on again for everything to fall into place. Some radios also display a variety of other information on the LCD: scan mode (Scan symbol), dual receive (DW), keypad lock mode (Lock), beeper (Beep, RB, BP or possibly another symbol), PA mode ", "ASQ", etc. Sometimes the radio station's power supply voltage (the voltage of the vehicle's on-board network) is even indicated.

The most important and capricious element of your equipment installed on your car is the antenna, and the range of reliable two-way communication is ultimately determined by its characteristics.
Unfortunately, taking advantage of consumer illiteracy, manufacturers and sellers like to tell tales about the super-efficiency of this or that type of antenna. The technical documentation indicates absurd gain factors and other fantastic parameters. And all this just so that the client pays money for another ineffective “candy wrapper”. When choosing which antenna and how exactly you will install it on your car, pay attention to the following recommendations:
1. There are no old or new antennas, there are only antennas assembled, installed and configured normally or poorly. Even a freshly purchased antenna with beautiful branded stickers, installed on a car without preliminary modification and adjustment, will not work fully, and within a year it will fail due to severe corrosion and the cable getting wet.
2. The geometric length of the antenna installed on the vehicle determines its effectiveness, but only if the antenna is tuned. The optimal length of the emitter is determined by the matching circuits located at the base of the antenna, and many other factors, such as the shape of the body of the car on which the antenna is installed, the location of the antenna on the body and the operating frequency. An accidental change in the length of the emitter by 4-5 cm can lead to a loss of antenna efficiency. You can fully tune the antenna only using an SWR meter.
3. CB-band antennas on a magnetic base always lose, all other things being equal, to antennas installed permanently on a body with a good (not false type of door or hood) mass at the installation point, approximately the same as if you and those whoever you are communicating with, the transmitter output power would be halved. In addition, they collect interference from the vehicle’s on-board network, interfere with the on-board network during transmission, and are poorly compatible with amplifiers. Magnetic antennas are more capricious in setting and rub the body paint. The magnet cable is essentially an additional matching element; its length cannot be changed arbitrarily; it should be laid, if possible, straight, without turns, as this affects the antenna tuning. Antennas attached to the drain are not completely removable (the ground with the supply cable is installed permanently, only the “fishing rod” is removed during parking - a steel pin with a matching coil), but they allow much greater familiarity and have more stable parameters. Their operating range is wider.
4. In case of any intrusion into the antenna system installed on the machine, subsequent adjustment of the antenna is required. Even minor changes in the length of the emitter, the geometry of the antenna installation, and in the case of magnetic antennas- the method of laying the cable leads to “out-of-tuning” of the antenna. The antenna is tuned into resonance with the car body, which becomes part of it. Ignorant “folk craftsmen”, driven by a thirst for experimentation, sometimes forget about this, making their own, as it seems to them, completely justified adjustments to the automotive antenna system, and are very surprised by the fact that the antenna stops working, and when trying to return everything as it was, the parameters are not restored. However, assessments of parameters from the point of view of “specialists” in such cases can be very primitive (“Vasya, can you hear me?” “Bad, Seryozha, bad!”). In the final case, the criterion for assessing the quality of the work of communication equipment should be statistics and analysis of the connections made, and not the subjective opinion of an amateur who did not study physics well at school. It should also be noted that working from an untuned antenna in some cases leads to failure of the amplifier or even the final stage of the radio station transmitter (when working from a bare station).
5. Before installation on the car, it is necessary to protect the antenna from corrosion (connection points of dissimilar metals must be coated with Litol-24), seal the antenna cable cutting area (with the same grease), and ensure reliable contact of the antenna with the body. It is recommended to additionally protect the cable at the point where it enters the vehicle interior. According to statistics, 70% of antenna failures are due to mechanical damage to the cable.
In general, it is recommended to pay maximum attention to the ease of use of the antenna and, sparing the necessary amount of effort and time to think through all the details, install and adjust it. A well-installed antenna will serve you for years without requiring additional maintenance.
6. Geometrically optimal antenna location point - top part car body. It is strongly not recommended to use the surfaces of the hood, trunk, and especially the bumper to install the antenna. This method of installing an antenna leads to a sharp decrease in its efficiency. For example, an antenna installed on the trunk of a classic Zhiguli car loses efficiency by an average of half a point, which is equivalent to reducing the output power of the equipment by half. You can imagine how much worse an antenna mounted on a bumper will work. The location of the antenna directly in the geometric center of the roof of the car, of course, makes the radiation pattern closer to circular, but under any kind of building conditions the pattern will inevitably be distorted many times more. Ultimately, it is much more important to place the antenna on the top of the car.
7. If you decide to use a magnetic antenna, give your preference to an antenna with the maximum diameter of the magnetic base. This antenna has slightly more stable electrical parameters, and most importantly, it adheres firmly to the roof of your car.
8. It is not acceptable to use antenna cable, having obvious mechanical damage or splice points. The cable must be solid, since any splice point leads to an increase in electrical losses of the high-frequency signal and an increase in noise induced by the machine's on-board network, and most importantly, a violation of the external insulation of the cable allows it to quickly get wet, which leads to an irreversible loss of characteristics. If the cable is damaged, it must be replaced entirely.

Perhaps for a good ten years from car antennas nothing better has been created than the built-in Turbo 2001. If it is possible to install the antenna on a permanent mount, it is probably worth using it. Mechanically strong, with very good parameters, this antenna deserves close attention. However, the AT 73 differs slightly from the Turbo 2001 in its characteristics. If there is no possibility of permanent installation, it is recommended to install it on a standard AT 73 magnet. Turbo 2001 cannot be installed on a magnet.
The above antennas are the most efficient and mechanically reliable available.

Amplifiers

The overall purpose of an amplifier is to increase the radio's output power to the antenna. A number of conclusions can be drawn from this:
1. The amplifier makes changes to the characteristics of your equipment set only when operating in transmission. With or without an amplifier, you will generally receive correspondents the same way. True, manufacturers often build into some amplifiers circuits that amplify the received signal (as already mentioned, there is a technically illiterate term “preamplifier”). But the meaning of this bloat is unclear. The fact is that the sensitivity of a radio station is limited not by gain, but by the level of noise (both its own and ethereal). Without going into complex technical details, we can confidently say that if your antenna is in order, this function will harm reliable reception, since noise will mainly increase and decrease dynamic range radio station receiver. Practice confirms this.
2. The amplifier is connected to the gap in the antenna cable and is connected with thick wires to a powerful power source. Usually, when installing an amplifier on a car, a thick wire is pulled directly from the positive terminal of the battery, making sure to protect it with a fuse near the terminal itself. The negative wire is chosen with the same cross-section and minimum length; it must be mounted on the body. The large cross-section of the wires is due to the fact that the amplifier consumes quite a decent current when transmitting, and it is necessary to ensure the minimum possible voltage drop in the power wires. There is a common mistake: pulling the negative power cable from the battery to the communication equipment. This cannot be done. A short negative wire minimizes resonance effects at the operating frequency in power circuits, which sharply reduces the likelihood of interference between communication equipment and the machine's on-board network. Supply voltage losses in this wire are also reduced. For a number of reasons, you should very carefully monitor the integrity of the negative cable, since its breakage can in some cases lead to serious equipment damage.
Contrary to the opinion of amateurs, the length of the high-frequency cable connecting the radio station and the amplifier can be any (within reason, of course, but from 15 centimeters to 10 meters - whatever is convenient for you), but the quality of the sealing of the connectors at its ends and at the end of the antenna cable it is worth paying attention Special attention. In most cases, if a company hides the cable insertion point into the connector under a nice heat-shrinkable tube, it means there is something to hide.
And, perhaps, the last recommendation regarding amplifiers: the antenna connected to the amplifier must be well tuned and kept in order if you do not want to burn it. If the antenna is not connected or its cable is short-circuited, pressing the PTT button will almost certainly be fatal for your amplifier.
Below is a description of some of the most common amplifier models.

EA - 150 and KL - 200
Simple, relatively cheap and often dying models, built using a single-cycle circuit. Approximate output power is 80-90 Watts when driven by 6 Watts. If you pump it with 10 watts, they often die. Their output power is not enough for reliable work in urban conditions.

Booster 747
When pumped to 10 watts, it produces just over 100 watts. Prone to self-excitation and poorly repairable. It's better not to mess with him.

KL 203
Clone Booster 747 with all that it implies...

Booster 797
Circuit design is a Booster 747 multiplied by two. Accordingly, the output power is twice as large. Otherwise, everything is the same.

KL - 300
Perhaps optimal for use in a car. Output power is about 200 watts. No unnecessary circuit complications. Convenient controls.

EA - 300
Legendary “golden ribs”. An award-winning amplifier that has been in production for over ten years. Output power over 150 watts. However, the presence of bells and whistles that have no practical meaning makes this amplifier unreasonably expensive and not very convenient to use.

KL - 400
Can be described as a KL - 300 with unnecessary complications. The design, layout and price are reminiscent of EA-300.

KL - 500
Monster! Some examples reach more than 450 watts. Circuit design is a paired KL - 400. It costs accordingly. A wonderful design, but the feasibility of installing it on a car is debatable.

Amplifier controls and displays

The “Power” key, sometimes just “on/off”. Controls the power supply to the amplifier, and the light above this key indicates the presence of power.

"Preamp" or "Pre" key and a light bulb with the same symbol refer to the receiving amplifier circuit. The key turns it on or off, and the light shows its status. As already written, if your amplifier has this function, it is better to never turn it on to avoid deterioration of reception...

"SSB/AM-FM" key You are unlikely to ever need it at work. The fact is that in single-sideband modulation (SSB) mode, it is quite difficult for the amplifier to “understand” the difference between reception and transmission in the intervals of your speech. In order for the amplifier to somehow work in SSB, sometimes they try to introduce a delay in its switching from transmission to reception. In AM and FM, this will cause the first words of the correspondent with whom you are communicating to be swallowed. If you accidentally switch the key to the SSB position, whenever you release the PTT switch, you will not hear anyone for 0.5-1 seconds. An absolutely unnecessary function, given that it does not work correctly in SSB.

"TX" indicator light indicates the operating mode of your amplifier. If it is on, the amplifier is transmitting.

Power Gear Handle- in fact, an attenuator at the input. Usually it has positions from one to six, significantly reduces the reliability of the amplifier and, if you think about it, does not make much sense, since its functions are reduced to smoothly adjusting the output power. Usually the difference between positions “one” and “six” in output power is somewhere between two and four, that is, 0.5-1 point. It remains unclear why there are switch positions “two”, “three”, “four”, “five”, since the correspondent receiving you is unlikely to notice the difference between them. But the manufacturer can charge the client more money for this unnecessary function.

"Hi/Low" key- a more correct way to implement the previous function. Typically, in the “Hi” position, the amplifier produces its full power, and in the “Low” position - about half. With a sufficiently powerful drive signal in the “Hi” position, working in amplitude modulation becomes impossible. In this case, the “Low” position saves.

RF connectors are installed on the rear wall of the amplifier and power wires are routed out. Typically, the cable connector coming from the radio is marked with the symbol "RTX" or "Input", and the antenna connector with the symbol "ANT" or "Output". If these connectors are accidentally swapped, the amplifier will not fail, but when switched into gear it may begin to chirp like a cricket. At the same time, hardly anyone will hear you until you turn off the amplifier with the “Power” key.
Concluding the sections on the description of civilian communications equipment, I would like to strongly recommend that before taking money out of your pocket and giving it to cunning guys for equipment, the functionality and performance of which you cannot verify for yourself, in order to avoid serious disappointments, be sure to
consult with disinterested specialists!

On-air technique

Before turning on the radio, make sure that an antenna is connected to it (or to the amplifier, if installed)! The antenna should not be seriously damaged, as should the antenna cable and the connector at its end. Remember that your carelessness can cause expensive repairs.

Turn on the power. If a fuse blows, under no circumstances replace it with a bug or a fuse of a higher rating. Most often, the cause of a blown fuse is trivial, and installing a “bug” or a fuse of a higher rating can cost you serious and expensive repairs.

After turning on the radio station, set the modulation, grid and channel you need. Please note that on some radio stations the grids are shifted relative to the generally accepted range, and you will need to make some adjustments to the tuning. For example, on Alan and Megajet radio stations the grids are shifted down one, and if you want to work, for example, in grid A of the generally accepted range, on these devices you need to set grid B.

Turn on automatic system noise reduction or adjust the noise reduction threshold with the knob. Remember that too high a noise reduction threshold (“overstretched” noise reduction) sharply reduces the reliable communication range! (This applies to a machine gun to a much lesser extent). When transmitting, the position of the noise reduction system knob does not in any way affect the operation of your radio station, but during reception you will not be able to hear a correspondent whose signal level is below the threshold you set. To avoid this, the position of the knob should be set to the complete cessation of noise in the speaker in the absence of a useful signal in the channel and periodically checked by opening the noise suppressor until noise appears and then closing it to a comfortable, but not “overtightened” position. It is recommended to check the position of this handle more often.

Click on the program and try to contact the correspondent with whom you will work. Ask him to give you control, that is, to say how many points you pass with him and how well your voice is transmitted (quality of modulation). Of course, if you are very close to the correspondent from whom you are requesting control, the S-meter will “open” to full scale, even if the antenna is severely damaged or completely disconnected, which is unacceptable. Therefore, control should only be requested from a correspondent who is sufficiently distant from you (at least 3-5 km).

Almost all over the world, starting from the 60s of the last century, the frequency range 26-28 MHz on a secondary basis (initially, this range was used as one of the “radio dumps”, a section of the range for relieving interference from industrial and medical equipment) was allocated for communication between citizens. The process of registering radio stations to operate on the civilian band at that time did not require special permission and was quite simple, and therefore gained great popularity as a type of free telephone.

Remember! On civilian frequencies, any correspondent has the right to conduct any negotiations that do not violate current legislation, ethical standards and do not interfere with other correspondents.

Any participant in a radio exchange can request control (ask how he can be heard, where he can be heard, etc.). To the extent possible, such requests should always be responded to politely.

Any correspondent in an emergency situation can send a distress signal.

Remember that tomorrow you yourself may find yourself in the same situation. You should not be like primitive and mentally unbalanced people who violate the ethics of communication or create all sorts of interference with the work of other correspondents.

In our country, the use of the civil band was allowed from the beginning of 1989, imposing strict restrictions on the transmitting equipment, output power of 0.5 W, channels in the “zeros” for AM, and for FM 10 special channels were allocated with a pitch of ... 12.5 kHz (to these requirements corresponded, for example, to the radio station “Ural-Farmer”).

Later, the equipment requirements were relaxed and brought closer to the characteristics of foreign CB radio stations.

At the moment, the civil radio range extends from 26.960 MHz to 27.855 MHz (grids C and D), amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM) modulation and output power of 10 watts. Until recently, citizens had to register their transmitting equipment. From November 1, 2011, in connection with the entry into force of “Resolution No. 837 of October 13, 2011 ON AMENDING THE DECREE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF OCTOBER 12, 2004 N 539,” restrictions on transportable civil band radio stations have been abolished.

Despite the lifting of some restrictions, rules prohibiting use are still in effect, for example. To minimize your own moral and material damage, you should remember that:

Not legal! However, only an RSKOMNADZOR employee authorized and competent in these matters can check its availability, operability and give you a verdict on violation of the law.

If an authorized person discovers an amplifier in your possession, you can try to “agree” by referring to the communications law, which states that any citizen can use any frequencies and operate with any output power in an extreme situation if this is required to preserve anyone's life or health. It is safe to assume that in the event of an accident, being on the outskirts of Moscow, you, for example, will not be able to contact the bare station with the 112 service, the control room of which is located in the center.

Around the world, civil spectrum is divided into channels (fixed communication frequencies) and grids (each grid contains 40 channels). The minimum frequency difference between the two closest channels is 10 kHz. Each grid occupies a frequency band of 450 kHz. The frequency difference between the same channels of adjacent grids corresponds to the same 450 kHz. In total, there are two frequency standards: Russian and European (in the jargon “zeros” and “fives”), which differ from each other only in that the arithmetic value of the frequency of the European band channel is always 5 kHz higher than the Russian one (for example, the 20th channel of the C grid – Russia is on the frequency 27.200 MHz, and the same channel in the European standard is 27.205 MHz).

The Russian frequency grid is usually present in modern equipment, but it is used very infrequently. This standard is popular in regions such as Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, the Baltic states, and Poland. Very often, in this frequency standard they work “long distance” during transits (calling frequency 27.200 MHz). In other cases, in the civilian range they usually work in the “fives”.

If in the same channel one of the correspondents works in the Russian standard and the other in the European standard, they will receive each other with strong distortions and only at a short distance.

In the civilian range, two types of modulation (methods of superimposing sound on a radio signal) are also common: amplitude (AM) and frequency (FM). Amplitude modulation is significantly (about one and a half times, all other things being equal) inferior to frequency modulation in terms of reliable communication range. Today, amplitude modulation in the civil band is used quite rarely throughout the world. Perhaps, it is traditionally used only by truckers. This has been going on since the 50s, when operation in the civilian range was first allowed in America. The fact is that in those years electronics were far behind what they are today, and stations with frequency modulation were simply not produced. More than half a century has passed, but this tradition is firmly rooted, despite the fact that amplitude modulation is very noticeably inferior to frequency modulation for a number of factors, such as communication range/quality, noise immunity, etc. To this day, Americans work in AM.

If in the same channel one of the correspondents works in AM, and the other inFM, they will receive each other with strong distortions.

Usually, when designating a channel of a particular dispatch service or group of individuals, it is customary to indicate, in addition to its number and grid, also the frequency standard and type of modulation. For example, 9 eC(FM) (9 – channel number, C – grid, e – European frequency standard, FM – type of modulation) – the Rescue Service channel installed all over the world. In this channel you can transmit information about crimes, accidents, accidents, and ask for help. Our Rescue Service (112) operates in this standard only in some cities and towns. 15 eMYSELF) is considered a channel for truckers all over the world.

Based on materials from the forum ci-bi.ru
Corrections, reductions, additions – website