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Pain points are usually called those areas on the human body that are most sensitive to damage. Even a slight effect on them causes very tangible pain. It is useful to know the pain points on the human body for self-defense purposes, since such information gives a serious superiority over the enemy.

To incapacitate a person or kill him, it takes a completely insignificant pressure or blow on a vulnerable spot, which include: ears, temple, eyes, nose, upper lip, chin, Adam's apple, base of the pharynx, back of the head

We are talking about those places on the human body that respond to physical impact with the greatest discomfort. Therefore, they should be influenced only in extreme cases, for example, for the purpose of self-defense.

Important! Self-defense does not justify inflicting grievous bodily harm. According to Article 108 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, a murder committed in excess of the limits of self-defense can be punished with a term of imprisonment for two years. Therefore, it should be understood that any fact of harm to a person may entail appropriate punishment, regardless of the motives.

Some of these areas are generally known (eg groin, eyeballs). Other pain points are known only to those who are directly related to martial arts.

Where are the pain points?

Experts distinguish three main groups of pain points located on the human body:

Head. Here, the most sensitive to physical effects are the following areas: eyes, temples, nose, ears, chin, lips.
Legs. Pain points are located on the ankles, knees, feet, legs.
Torso. In this area, the most vulnerable points are: groin, armpits, kidneys, solar plexus, false rib.

Each of the above groups should be considered in more detail.

Pain points of the head

Even a small blow to the temple can inflict very serious injury on the enemy.

Since the brain is in the head, overly strong impact on this area can be fatal. Despite the fact that the human skull is highly durable, it is not as difficult to damage it as it might seem at first glance. Therefore, caution should be exercised when acting on the head area.

The most sensitive head pain points:

Eyes. The eyeballs are considered one of the most vulnerable parts of the human body. Exposure to them with a special pepper spray allows you to almost completely disable the enemy. If there is no such means of self-defense at hand, then you can limit yourself to pressing these pain points. Most often, the index and middle fingers are used for this.
Nose. Even with a weak blow to the nose, the enemy will be guaranteed severe discomfort. The most effective is the so-called "catchy" blow to the nose. To do this, knuckles need to hit the convex part of the nose, which will provide the opponent with painful shock and bleeding. An overly strong blow can break the enemy's nose, therefore it is advisable to control your actions.
Whiskey. This is one of the most dangerous areas. The human skull is most vulnerable in this area. It is here that traumatic nerves are located, as well as arteries that can cause severe hemorrhages.

Important! It is extremely undesirable to hit the opponent in the temple, since even a weak blow can cause severe head injury. With a strong impact, a lethal outcome is possible.

Upper lip. Striking a strong enough blow at an angle of 30 degrees can cause burning pain in the opponent with bleeding.
The chin. This area should be influenced with the back of the hand, since when hitting with a fist, the risk of injury to the hand increases. A sliding blow from the bottom and to the side is preferred, which will provide a bruise or dislocation of the jaw.
Pharynx. The most vulnerable point is considered to be a depression located at the lowest point. It is best to act on it with your fingers. Such an attack can provoke breathing difficulties. A more severe consequence is pulmonary spasm.
Kadik. Experts recommend using tearing grips, however, any attack in this place is 100% effective.

Important! A strong blow to the Adam's apple can be fatal. Therefore, an average impact on this area will be sufficient.

Neck. A blow with the back of the hand in the area under the head is capable of knocking out an opponent.

Pain points of the legs

Before kicking to the knee, turn slightly and bend the leg, the blow is applied by the edge of the sole

The most vulnerable places on the legs are:

Lap. Both the blows directly to the kneecap and to the side of the knee are very painful. They are applied with the edge of the boot. Such a technique acts disarmingly, contributing to damage to the knee joint and ligaments.
Ankles. The blow is delivered through the outer edge of the boot, which is held perpendicular to the ankle. Experts do not recommend using a toe kick in this case due to its low effectiveness.
Shin. In this area, the bone is the least protected. A kick at the level of 1/3 of the shin height is highly effective. It should be applied with the outer edge of the foot.
Foot. The most fragile and most vulnerable bones are located here. Heel strikes on the foot can cause a fracture if the opponent is behind his back.

Torso pain points

The most vulnerable points here are:

Solar plexus. It is best to strike this area with a fist. With a sufficiently strong blow, the opponent develops a burning pain, forcing him to kneel down.

Important! With excessive exposure to the solar plexus zone, a lethal outcome is possible.

Armpits. Since the nerves are located here close to the skin, a precise blow can cause severe pain, incapacitating the enemy for a while.
Kidneys. Impacts on the kidneys cause the development of a nervous shock. It is best to hit with the knee or the edge of the palm, but remember that without proper medical attention, a person can die.
Groin. One of the most famous pain points on the human body. A sufficiently strong blow to this area can immobilize the enemy.
Stomach. A strong blow to this area forces the opponent to bend, after which you can use blows to the back of the head and back.
False rib. The blows are delivered from both sides by means of the knee, elbow or the edge of the palm.

How to determine the strength of the impact

How strong and accurate your shot will be depends on your individual skills.

The level of possible damage is largely determined depending on the force of striking the enemy's pain points. It should be remembered that these zones are not only very sensitive to pain, but are also located in important vital centers, and therefore an overly strong effect on them can be fatal.

To correctly determine the force of a blow to a pain point, an algorithm of five levels should be used:

A weak hit that is not intended to cause damage to an opponent, but to distract or intimidate him.
The second level involves applying force to the blow in order to unbalance it and buy time.
The third is the most common level, which can stun the enemy, cause severe pain or numbness in the affected area. As a rule, this way you can neutralize your opponent for a long time.
The fourth level involves serious consequences in the form of loss of consciousness and trauma. Sometimes such an effect on pain points provokes the development of paralysis.
A hit of the fifth level poses a significant danger to the health of the enemy and can be fatal.

It is very important to correctly assess the level of danger and use the above knowledge exclusively in the framework of self-defense. It should be remembered that no combat technique welcomes the intentional killing of the enemy, therefore a moderate impact on pain points is recommended.

Acupuncture, also known as reflexology, acts on active points on the body using needles. However, with an individual approach, acupressure is much more effective - pressing with the palm or finger on the same points. Moreover, unlike a headache pill, our hands are always with us.

Where to press?

To relieve headaches, including migraines, several points on the head and limbs are used. If possible, it is better to use everything in turn, no - start on the list. Perhaps you will feel that 2-4 points help you the best - it is perfectly acceptable to use only them.

So, these are two points, symmetrically located:

on the temples, in the middle between the outer corner of the eye and the nearest hairline (move your finger from the eye not to the side, but up, as if in the direction above the crown);
at a distance of about a fingertip from the outer corner of the eye outward;
in the recesses above the base of the ear (at a distance about the fingertip upwards);
in the grooves at the outer end of the eyebrows (easily felt);
in the depressions that can be found if you run your finger from the inner corner of the eye down and slightly to the nose;
on the head above the upper point of the auricle and almost under it - in order for the finger to fit on the point, the ear must be slightly bent;
on the backs of the palms - pits between the thumb and forefinger located deep in the palm;
on the outer surface of the wrist - a depression in the middle of the hand, just above the fold and bone on the wrist;
on the elbows. They are easy to find: you need to bend your arm at the elbow to a right angle, the point is located at the outer end of the fold, which is formed from bending;
on the foot from above. Find the place where the 2nd and 3rd fingers meet, about the length of such a finger up. It is better to press without bending over, but raising one leg to the other;
on the second toes, 3 mm from the nail socket up in the center;
on the side and outside of the foot - in the depression where the little toe enters the metatarsus of the foot;
on the inner side of the foot - at the very top edge of the arch of the foot;
about 3 mm from the nail socket of the thumb, but not in the center, but about 2 mm towards the 2nd finger;
on the inner surface of the ankle, about a fingertip above the ankle bone.

How to click?

The finger should be vertically on the point, pushing down, not sideways.

You can press with one or two fingers (including two thumbs), squeezing them tightly or placing one above the other. Or three, folded with a pinch. You can press with the whole palm or its edge, while the active point should be located approximately in the center of the affected area.

The harder the press, the shorter it should be.

You need to repeat 3-4 times. There are two suitable methods for relieving pain:

constantly press the point for 3-5 seconds, then gradually release;
press pulsatingly: pressed for 2-4 seconds, weakened for the same amount.

The expression "Computer is frozen" is very popular among users. It means that in operating system there were some problems caused by such phenomena as an overflow of the internal memory of the hard or local disks, an incorrect sequence of specified commands, entering the wrong key combination, infection of program files with a dangerous virus. In such a situation, you will need to follow a few simple steps on how to restart your PC.

You will need

Restart button. Keys "Ctrl", "Alt" and "Delete".

Instructions

To restart your computer from the desktop, go to the Start menu. It is located at the bottom left of the screen. Next, a service list of commands will appear, where you should press the "Shutdown" button. After that, a new small window will open, in which there are three buttons - "Standby mode", "Shutdown" and "Restart". Click the last right "Restart" button. It is framed in bright green with a symbol inside, reminiscent of the scale of a round mechanical watch. After clicking on the button, the computer will restart. It will take less than one minute.

There is another way to restart your PC. The "Restart" button is located on the front panel of the computer system unit, next to the "Power" button. Most often, the reset button is located directly below the "Power" button and is half the size, as well as an equilateral triangle emblem. Click this button to restart the operating system. In about one minute, your computer will boot up again and the desktop will appear. Errors and glitches will most often be fixed. After that, you can continue to work further.

The third method to restart your computer, but not the last, is to restart using the keyboard. Press the following key combination at the same time - "Ctrl + Alt + Delete". Then click the Alt button again and release it. Further, using the arrow keys, navigate the headings of the commands "File", "Options", "View", "Windows" to the item "Shutdown". Then, in the same way as in the first options, restart your computer. In some cases, you should restart the computer using the command line. This method works best for literate programmers, not amateur users.

Minor laptop glitches are often resolved by rebooting. But what if it freezes and the usual methods of restarting the system do not work, or the touchpad does not respond to your requests? You can try to reboot using the keyboard. The main thing is to know which buttons to press to restart the laptop.

Standard reboot

First, you need to make sure that the laptop is frozen, and you will not be able to reboot it in the standard way. A standard reboot is done through the Start menu or the Charms bar if you have Windows 8.

Open the start menu.
Click on the arrow next to the Shutdown button and select Restart.

On Windows 8, the order is:

If the laptop does not respond to mouse or touchpad input, it is most likely frozen. However, there is another option: you may have accidentally turned off the touchpad by pressing a combination of buttons on the keyboard (for example, Fn + F7 on an ASUS laptop). If the touchpad is not working or the laptop is really frozen, try restarting it using the keyboard.

If the laptop is not responding, then it is indeed frozen. Wait a bit, the computer may start working on its own again. If it continues to hang, try other ways to reboot the system.

Other ways to restart

You can call the "Shutdown" window not only through the "Start" menu. If you press Alt + F4, the active windows will be closed first, and then a list of options for shutting down Windows will appear. You need to use the arrows to highlight the "Restart" item and press Enter. The laptop will restart if, of course, it still responds to requests from the keyboard, and does not hang completely.

Another combination that will help you restart your laptop if it does not work correctly is Ctrl + Alt + Delete. If you press these buttons at the same time, a blue screen will appear with available options for further behavior of the laptop. What can you do here:

Locking the computer is not suitable, it is already frozen.
Change user - it can help if there is another account with administrator rights.
Logging out is an effective way to fix small mistakes in work.
Changing the password and launching the task manager are practically meaningless options in this case, although through the manager you can see which process has loaded the laptop so that it freezes.

If you want to restart your system from a blue screen, use the arrows or Tab key to highlight the shutdown button in the bottom corner. You can simply turn off the laptop and then turn it back on. If you don't want to, highlight the arrow next to the shutdown button: there is a "Restart" option in the drop-down menu.

If the keyboard works, you can restart the system through the command line. It is easy to do this:

Perhaps there are other ways to restart the system from the keyboard, but if the listed methods do not help you, then there is no point in using other keyboard shortcuts.

Emergency shutdown

If the laptop freezes and cannot restart the system using the keyboard, you can perform an emergency shutdown. It can be done in two ways: by long pressing the power button or by completely disconnecting the laptop from all power sources. Both methods should be used only as a last resort, when other methods have been tried and found to be inappropriate for solving the problem.

To perform an emergency restart, press and hold the power button for about 5 seconds. You should hold it until the laptop screen turns off and its coolers stop making noise.

When you are satisfied that the laptop is shut down, press the power button again to turn it on (single press, as usual, you do not need to hold anything). Rebooting by holding the power button for a long time is implemented at the hardware level, so even if the laptop is frozen tightly, in this way you will be able to turn it off.

Another emergency shutdown method is to remove power from the laptop. To do this, it is necessary to disconnect it from the mains and pull out the battery (turn the cover down and move the latches). After removing the battery, the laptop will turn off. To turn it on, replace the battery and press the power button. If restarting does not fix the problem with the computer, you need to look for a specific reason for the freeze or contact a service center.

Not so long ago, being an uninitiated person, I thought that not everyone can take a screenshot - whatever program is needed or something. Indeed, you can use "programs" (FastStone Capture, Paparazzi! And others), or you can "hack life", use the Lifehack.

When I decided to find out how this is done, what is the essence of this sacrament, I was pleasantly surprised by the simplicity of the procedure, its ingenuousness.

In order to take a screenshot, a screenshot, you just need to click on the button. This button is on the vast expanses of any keyboard, in the upper right part of it - Prt Scr, Print Screen. You naturally click on it. Nothing grandiose, with fireworks, is happening, but you thereby photographed your screen, the picture was transferred to the clipboard, my congratulations.

Please note that the site you want to take a snapshot must be fully expanded, similarly, the video must be expanded to full screen. Then you will get the best quality image, and you will have to crop less.

In the event that you need a screenshot not of the entire screen, but only of the active window, then you must use the combination Alt and Print Screen ... This is also a good thing, it came in handy for me, and more than once.

Then everything is just as simple. You should go to any graphics editor you like. I like Gimp, for example, but Paint can also be used. Start - All Programs - Accessories - Paint... In Gimp, the dimensions of the new document must be the same as your screen resolution, otherwise you will only get part of the image. The dimensions of the new document, if you are working with Paint, must be smaller than the image you are pasting, otherwise there will be white pieces around. To insert a snapshot from the clipboard, you either press the key combination Ctrl and V or right mouse button - Edit - Paste.

The image is in front of you! Work with it, crop it, add labels, reduce, increase, change the brightness ... You will almost certainly have to do cropping, but you can do more serious work to improve the image. It all depends on the capabilities of the graphic editor and on your ability to work in it.

After you have made the changes you need in the image, select its format. File - Save As - File Type... This is usually GIF or JPEG. GIF lightweight without additional compression, unlike JPEG, in general I prefer it. There is also PNG image, also a worthwhile thing, use it.

It is quite natural that the picture will display everything... That is why it is important that your usernames, passwords and very personal information are not visible on the screen you create. Just for the sake of elementary security, so that an unscrupulous person does not use them, it is worth closing unnecessary windows or cropping the image correctly.

That's all I wanted to tell you about creating screenshots, or simply screenshots. Do not neglect this opportunity, the ability to make screenshots in everyday life will come in handy. Good luck to you!

WHICH BUTTON TO PRESS TO DISPLAY INFORMATION ON THE MONITOR SCREEN

If you are a novice user and you are a little scared by the abundance of buttons on a computer keyboard, you do not know which buttons to press to trigger the desired action and see the result on the monitor screen after that, then it's time to get acquainted with the additional functions of the keyboard.

Attentively. In addition to the numbers and letters familiar to you from childhood, you will see a large number of additional buttons. As you probably guessed, all of them are needed to enter the necessary data into a computer and to call certain functions of programs and utilities. Let's figure out which button or key combination to press in order to speed up the process of working at the computer. Of course, it will be difficult for a beginner to memorize all the useful key combinations for working at a computer, but it is advisable to memorize the most basic commands with which you can quickly display information on the monitor than with a mouse.

All these numerous buttons and keys help to enter information into the computer. To carry out a variety of computer control operations, you will definitely need a keyboard.

Let's take a look at the most common - classic keyboard. Stock up on a notepad to write down the functions of the keys we need most (or bookmark this page with a list of all the key functions and hotkey combinations on the keyboard). In addition to classic keyboards, you can find keyboards with various additional keys on sale. They help to carry out the execution of auxiliary functions while working at the computer. Manufacturers of office equipment do not stop there, and come up with more and more diverse types of keyboards. Moreover, many "Claudia" have an unusual shape.

Now we will figure out in what combinations you can use the keyboard keys.

You have probably heard that in the operating room Windows system and its special application programs use certain keyboard shortcuts or combinations of these with mouse keys. They duplicate and expand the capabilities of the standard menu of all programs.

Such combinations, or as they are also called - "hot keys", can be easily found in one of the search engines. For example, Google or Yandex. In the address bar, type: key combinations ... (program name), and the search engine will give you a lot of useful information. There are a lot of materials, lists and tips on this topic on the World Wide Web.

Let's analyze the keyboard shortcut for the software:

Hot key (English - keyboard shortcut);

The expression "Computer is frozen" is very popular among users. It means that the operating system has experienced some kind of malfunction caused by such phenomena as an internal overflow ...

An ordinary keyboard can be roughly divided into several areas.

The uppermost area of the keyboard contains keys that are not used to enter data into the computer. These keys perform auxiliary actions, which are shown in the table below.

Esc key - this key is used to cancel an action, exit programs, games, exit applications, etc.

Functions of the "Esc" key .

Its main function is to cancel the command that was ahead. If you right click open the mouse on the desktop or on the taskbar menu and then press the "Esc" key, then the menu will immediately close. If you started playing some game and accidentally pressed the "Esc" key, then almost always you will quit this game. But by pressing this key again, you will return to your game again.

When you are on the Internet, you enter the next site address, and then accidentally press the "Esc" key, you will immediately return to the previous site address that you have already reviewed.

The top row of the keyboard contains the function keys (limited by the red rectangle in the picture).

FI function keys - F12 are designed to perform certain, assigned to them actions. The actions depend on the programs currently running on the computer, but usually the F1 key are used to call the help system of the currently running program. If any program is running, help about that program appears.

"F2" Booting the computer when this key is pressed, or the “Del” key allows you to configure the Bios of your computer.

"F3" Calls up the search box.

"F5" Reloads the opened browser page.

"F8" Booting the computer when this button is pressed makes it possible to work in safe mode operating system.

The actions of the rest of the function keys marked with the F symbol are mostly possible in combination with modifier keys and may vary depending on the brand and model of the computer. If the actions of any key on the keyboard of your computer differ from those described here, then its purpose can be found in the user manual.

"Pause / Break" . When the computer boots up, it allows you to pause the computer - to pause the boot process.

Functions of the "Pause / Break" key. While doing Windows boot, first you see on the monitor information about your computer, hard disk, status random access memory, about all the components. Information displayed on the monitor appears and disappears quite quickly and it is extremely difficult to comprehend it. To get the opportunity to deal with it, you just need to press the "PAUSE" button. And to finish the process of loading the operating system, you must press any button on the keyboard. Sometimes used by some programs.

Print Screen / SysRq key.

Pressing this key allows you to take a screenshot of your monitor screen. When this key is pressed, and it is in the picture in the red frame, at the moment of pressing it, the image that is currently on the monitor is saved in the computer's memory. Next, the saved image is taken from the computer memory using a conventional graphics editor, you can use the "Paint" graphic editor, which is already built into the Windows operating system. If you use a set of keys “Alt + PrintScreen”, then you take a photo of only the active window, but those of the entire screen. In the picture, the "Alt" keys are in a blue frame.

Key switches the mode of information output to the display screen, in which pressing the cursor keys moves the screen itself, and not the cursor. When you press this button, the indicator light immediately turns on. When using this key to control the cursor, you can move the screen image. This function is used in Microsoft Excel, LotusNotes. This is especially evident in Excel. It can be used to scroll through text, although it is more convenient to use the mouse wheel to do this. Other programs use ScrollLock for special functions, for example, in the Opera browser, the key is used in combination with numbers to switch voice signals. Currently, this key is practically not used, so there are keyboards that do not have it.

Shift key. Pressing this key and a symbol key at the same time allows you to temporarily switch to the mode for entering uppercase (capital) letters, or to enter another character located on the same key. There are two such keys on the keyboard - left and right, and in some programs their action is different. For example, to enter the capital letter "And", you need to press the Shift key and without releasing it, press the I.

Tab key. It is indicated by an icon in the form of two opposite arrows and pressing it gives an indent from the beginning of the line - a paragraph. Allows for tabulation - horizontal alignment of characters. A tab character is equal to eight regular characters. Tabs are used when creating text documents... Designed to move the cursor:

when editing texts, it is used to move to the next tab stop, i.e. moving the cursor several positions forward;
in dialog boxes, navigates to the next field in the query.
in a table, moves the cursor to the next cell.

In other programs, its purpose is to switch between windows on the screen.

Below it is located CapsLock key. Pressing this key fixes the spelling of capital letters. When pressed again, capital letters are written again. This mode is indicated by an indicator light in the upper right corner of the keyboard. Pressing it again cancels the mode. When CapsLock is on, pressing a key enters lowercase letters.

NumLock key turns on and off the numbers located on the right side of the keyboard. If the keyboard is on, you can use it to enter numbers and arithmetic operations.

When enabled, this mode is also displayed by an indicator in the upper right corner of the keyboard, signaling that the additional keyboard is in operation. Now, in addition to entering numbers from the field of the main keyboard, they can also be entered from the additional. However, those symbols that are applied to the keys of the additional keyboard along with the numbers will not work.

In most cases, the described keyboard fields are enough for work, but for those who like to work with a compact numeric and control keyboard "a la calculator" there is one more additional field of keys - the rightmost one. This field is called the additional keyboard, in contrast to the main keyboard field.

When you press on this block of keys with the designation of numbers, the numbers are printed out, but with one condition - when the "NumLock" key is turned on. Numeric keys, when the "NumLock" key is off, perform functions of another plan. The "End" key is duplicated by pressing the "1" key on the main keyboard and the "Home" key is duplicated with the "7" key also on the main keyboard.

The same keys move the cursor to the end and beginning of the line. When you press the "3" and "9" keys, duplication occurs on the main keyboard using the "PageUp" and "PageDown" keys, respectively. These same keys move the cursor up and down one screen. When you press the "2", "4", "8", "6" keys, the cursor is controlled, which means that the operation is dubbed with the arrow keys.

Space key - this key creates spacing between letters.

Spacebar - The largest key below the alphanumeric keypad is used to enter a blank character, regardless of the case switch.

Function of the "Space" key.

When using a key, words or symbols are separated from each other. But this key has an additional mode. In the replacement mode, which you can turn on with the "Insert" key, pressing the "Space" key you activate the function, the same as when you press the "Delete" key (this key erases characters on the right).

Backspace key - pressing this key deletes the character to the left of the cursor.

BackSpace or Left Arrow key functions.

When you press this key, we delete the selected one character or all the text on the left. When using this key in the file manager, we move up one level. And when viewing photos, pressing this key, we go back one photo.

By using the Alt + BackSpacr keys together, we undo the action that was performed before.

Key performs data entry or confirmation of action, depending on the context:

When, when performing work on the computer, you use the numeric keyboard, which is on the right, then it is much better to use the “Enter” key, which is located on the same block.

Delete key is designed to delete an object, such as a folder, file, etc .:

in the text, the character is deleted to the right of the current cursor position (with the line shift to the left);
in folder windows, the selected objects of the file system are deleted to the Trash.

You can also delete an unnecessary file by pressing the keys together "Shift + Delete". Shift keys are marked with a green frame. Just keep in mind that in this case the file will not be deleted through the trash can and in this case it cannot be restored.

The "Delete" key, indicated by a blue frame, located on the numeric keypad, together with a "." performs the same actions when the "NumLock" key is off.

It is possible to open the "Task Manager" by pressing the key combination "Ctrl + Alt + Del". These Ctrl and Alt keys are denoted by beige frames.

Key , denoted by a red rectangle, is associated with the insert mode:

in the text, you switch between the modes of inserting and replacing characters or inserting a fragment from the clipboard (depending on the settings Microsoft Word). If the insert mode is on, then when you print, the right word will move to the right between two words, and the text you enter expands the words and is printed between them. In this mode, the text appears to be inserted and pushes the entire end of the phrase to the right.

But in the "replace" mode, if you insert a word between two words, then the word located on the right is replaced by the word that you insert .;

in programs like Total commander objects are selected.

If you press the Inset key, the text will be printed on top of what was printed, while erasing the last one. Pressing this key again will terminate this action.

The "Insert" key in the blue frame, which is located on the numeric keypad block, together with the number "0" works only when the "NumLock" key is off.

We will be able to make a copy of the text after its selection, if we apply the key combination "Ctrl + Insert". And when we use the Shift + Insert keys together, it becomes possible to insert text.

PgUp, PgDn, End, Home keys intended for cursor control.

Home key moves the cursor to the beginning of the line, and End key to the end of the line "), as well as either to the beginning of the list or to the end of the list.

Keyboard shortcut + moves the cursor to the end of the entire document.

Keyboard shortcut + moves the cursor to the beginning of the entire document.

PgUp key moves the cursor to the top of the page, and PgDn key - at its end.

Functions by keys "PageUp" and "PageDown".

The use of these two keys is used when working with text editors, or when working with documents, where the height of information is much greater than the height of your screen and it becomes necessary to scroll in height. These keys are marked with a red rectangle.

And the “PageUp” and “PageDown” keys, which are indicated by a blue rectangle and are located on the numeric keypad only when the “NumLock” key is off, together with the numbers “3” and “9” scroll the screen down or up. The state of the "NumLock" key is monitored by the indicator light (the indicator light is on when the key is on).

Key used to expand the capabilities of the keyboard. It is often used in combination with other keys to activate an action in the program.

Keys as well as Ctrl, it is used in combination with other keys.

Functions with the "Ctrl" and "Alt" keys.

By using these keys, you expand their capabilities with other keys. By using these keys in different variations, you perform different actions.

Ctrl + Alt + Del keys these keyboard shortcuts open the Task Manager.

Combination Ctrl + A keys selects all objects at once, such as folders, files, text, etc.

Combination Ctrl + X keys cuts the selected object to the clipboard, such as test, files, folders, etc.

Keyboard shortcut Ctrl + C copies some object to the clipboard, such as files, folders, etc.

Keyboard shortcut Ctrl + V pastes the copied file or folder from the clipboard.

Keyboard shortcut Ctrl + N allows you to create a new document in various programs.

Keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Z undo the last action.

Using the keys Ctrl + S the current document is saved.

Using the keys Ctrl + P the document is printed.

Ctrl + Esc - opening the "Start" menu. This can also be done by pressing the Windows key.

Using the keys Alt + Enter there is a transition to full screen mode and back, for example, if you press these keys in KMPlayer, WindowsMediaPlayer, MediaPlayerClassic, they expand to full screen.

Alt keys and keys 0 through 9 located on the right side of the keyboard allow you to enter arbitrary characters that are not on the keyboard. In order to enter arbitrary characters, you must press the Alt key and, without releasing it, press the desired number located on the right side of the keyboard.

Keyboard shortcut Alt + F4 closes the active application.

Keys Alt + Tab allow you to switch between open windows. A panel appears in the center of the screen with all open applications, and when you select the active window, you need to press the Tab key several times without releasing the Alt key.

Combination Alt + Space (space) opens system menu windows, with which you can restore, move, maximize, minimize and close the window without using the mouse.

Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift - switching keyboard layouts.

Windows key usually found between the Ctrl and Alt keys. When you press it, the Start menu appears.

And by using the key with various options together with other keys, you speed up the launch of programs.

When you press the keys Win + E My Computer explorer will open.

When you press the keys Win + D minimizes all active windows.

Keyboard shortcut Win + L allows you to switch between users or block workstation... The keyboard shortcut Win + F1 brings up the Help and Support Center.

When you press the keys Win + F the search window will open.

When you press the keys Win + Ctrl + F the computer search window will open.

With help Win + D you can minimize all windows and show the desktop, and the keys Win + M minimizes all windows except dialog ones.

Win + E opens the My Computer folder.

Win + F - opens a window to search for a file or folder.

When you press the keys Win + PauseBreak the System Properties dialog box will open.

Key calls the context menu of the object on which the mouse pointer is currently located.

When using the key, we invoke the menu in the same way as when clicking on the right mouse button. This menu corresponds to the program that is included for your work. If you are on the "Desktop", then pressing this key, you open the menu corresponding to the active element of the Desktop.

Cursor keys (navigation keys) . Performs various actions related to cursor movement:

in the text move the cursor one position in the specified direction;
on the Desktop and in the folder window, transfer the selection to another object;
in the menu, transfer the selection to the next command;
in tables, move the cursor between cells.

These keys are also used in many games to control objects.

Also, these keys are used in many programs, for example, to move through the pages of a document or when viewing photos to move to the next image.

Browser keyboard shortcuts

To zoom in or out on a page, just hold down Ctrl key and roll the mouse wheel. Up - the scale will increase, down - accordingly, it will decrease. The same can be done by simply pressing + or - while holding down Ctrl. To restore the font size, use the keyboard shortcut Ctr + 0 .

And the use Shift keys and the mouse wheel allows you to navigate through the history of the tabs: Shift - scroll the wheel up - move forward through the history, Shift - scroll down the wheel - move backward through the history.

If in the browser you need to open a new page in a separate tab, then you can hold down Ctrl key and click on the desired link. The new page will open in a separate tab.

Alt + Home keys return to the home page, and Ctrl + R (or F5) refresh the page. To force the update without using cached data, use the keys Ctrl + F5 or Ctrl + Shift + R .

By pressing the keys Ctrl + S , you can save the page to your computer, and the keys Ctrl + P allow you to print the page you want. Hotkeys Ctrl + G, Ctrl + F, Shift + F3, Ctrl + K are designed to be searched on the current page or on the Internet.

Features of the laptop keyboard.

Since a laptop keyboard, by definition, should take up little space, many functions are "hidden" on it. And in order to find them, there is a magic key. It is not found on all types of keyboards, although it is almost always present on laptops. It is usually located in the lower left corner of the keyboard, but there may be other options, there are no standards here. The inscription on the key is highlighted in color (most often in blue) or surrounded by a frame. Those keys that work in conjunction with are labeled or symbols that have the same color as the label on the key, or are also surrounded by a frame.

Inscriptions or symbols that have the same color as are activated by the combination + (key), i.e. while the key is pressed and held, press the key where the function we need is depicted in a stylized form. Combining this key with function keys (the keys on the top row of the keyboard) changes the basic behavior of these keys. So, combining it with the F1 key puts the computer (laptop) into sleep mode;

with F2 - turns the adapter on and off wireless communication(Wi-Fi);
with F3 - opens the mail program;
with F5 - decreases the brightness of the monitor;
with F6 - increases it;
with F7 - turns the monitor on and off;
with F10 - enables and disables the built-in speakers;
with F11 - lowers the speaker volume;
with F12 - increases it;
the screen brightness is increased by pressing the key where there is a “big sun” (there may be a “sun” icon in combination with the “increase” icon);
decrease - on the contrary, the one where the "small sun" (or maybe the "sun" icon in combination with the "decrease" icon);
keys with “loudspeaker” icons in combination with “more” or “less” icons - increase / decrease the volume;
crossed out mouse - disable / enable the TouchPad;
crossed out loudspeaker - mute / unmute, etc.

The actions when combining function keys with the Fn key may differ for different types of keyboards, therefore, you can clarify them in the device's user manual, or be guided by the icons (usually of a different color) on the keys next to or below its main meaning.

Look carefully, without rushing, at the keyboard of your laptop, put the instructions attached to it next to it, spend some time mastering all these miracles and they will become familiar to you.

Microsoft Word is the most important and essential tool for any office work. And the number of functions that it possesses will shock any person. We've picked 20 tips to help you simplify your Word experience and automate some of your chores. you can check out similar material for Excel.

Insert date and time

You can quickly insert a date using the Shift + Alt + D key combination. The date will be inserted in the format DD.MM.YY. The same operation can be done over time using the Shift + Alt + T combination.

Fast case change

If you don't already know the blind typing method, then CAPS LOCK can play a cruel joke with you. By accidentally turning it on and not looking at the screen, you can type a mountain of text that will have to be deleted and rewritten from scratch because of one pressed button. But by selecting the desired text and pressing Shift + F3, you change the case from uppercase to lowercase.

Cursor acceleration

Usually, if you move the cursor with the arrows, it moves one letter at a time. To speed up its movement, hold down the Ctrl key together with the arrow.

Highlight text fragments located in different places

Highly useful function, which allows you to highlight inconsistent pieces of text. Hold Ctrl and select the pieces of text you want.

Clipboard

If you use copy and paste (and you probably do), then most likely you know about the enhanced clipboard in Word. If not, then it is called by clicking on the button of the same name and shows everything that you copied to the clipboard during the work.

Quick screenshots

If you are doing a manual, a review of a service, or you just need to paste a screenshot into Word, this can be done very simply using the appropriate tool. Click on the "Snapshot" button and Word will show all active windows. By clicking on any of them, you will get a screenshot of this window.

Hyphenation

Enabling hyphenation can improve the readability of your text and also save you from long white space between words. You can arrange them yourself or entrust it to a computer. The button is located in the "Page Layout" - "Hyphenation" menu.

Watermark

You can add a watermark to your document for added protection. To do this, go to the "Design" menu and select the "Underlay" item. There are four standard templates in Word, and you can also create your own.

Repeat previous command

A very useful feature that allows you to duplicate the last command. If you press F4, then Word will repeat the last command you made. This can be entering text, sequentially deleting several lines, applying styles for different sections of text, and much more.

Stressing

Stressing in Word is as easy as shelling pears. To do this, place the cursor after the letter to be stressed, and hold down the Alt + 769 key combination. Important: numbers must be pressed on the numeric keypad to the right.

Customizing the Ribbon

The top ribbon with buttons can be customized very flexibly. To do this, go to the menu "File" - "Options" - "Customize the Ribbon". Here you can add features that were not there before and remove those that are not needed. Moreover, you can delete or create your own tabs with functions.

Quick selection of a large chunk of text

To quickly select a large piece of text, place the cursor at its beginning and click with the mouse while holding down Shift at the end of the fragment. Saves time and nerves in situations where you have to select several sheets at once.

Move quickly through the document

There are several combinations that greatly speed up document navigation:

Ctrl + Alt + Page Down - next page;
Ctrl + Alt + Page Up - previous page;
Ctrl + Home - move to the top of the document;
Ctrl + End - guess yourself. :)

Insert a new page

How I hate myself for not knowing this combination before. Ctrl + Enter allows you to instantly create a new leaf, instead of holding Enter with one hand while brewing tea with the other.

Changing the default save folder

By default Word saves all files to the Documents folder. In order to change this, go to the menu "File" - "Options" - "Save". In the line "Location local files default ”select the folder you need. In the same menu, you can configure the default document format, autosave and much more.

Original formatting

To return the text to its original formatting, press the Ctrl + Spacebar key combination.

Word as a task manager

If you are a big fan of Microsoft and Word in particular, you can even use it as a task manager. However, first you have to try a little. Right-click on the Feature Ribbon at the top and select Customize Ribbon. In the right column, enable the only disabled tab "Developer".

Go to the "Developer" tab that appears and find the "Checkbox" item that has a check mark (why not). Now, by clicking on the checkbox, you can create task lists and mark them as completed.

Vertical text selection

If you accidentally mess up your list, you can select the text vertically. To do this, hold Alt and use the mouse cursor to select.

Password Protecting Document

It’s not even worth mentioning why it’s necessary. In our age, when information has become the main weapon, it never hurts to have additional protection. To protect a document with a password, go to the "File" tab and select the "Protect document" option. Now feel free to create a password, but remember that if you forget it, you will not be able to recover it.

The fastest way to open Word

Rounding out our list is an incredible hacking trick. If earlier, in order to open Word, you created a new document or searched for it in the Start menu, now this is in the past. Press the key combination Windows + R and type in the window that appears winword. If you do not use the command line for other commands, then the next time you press Windows + R, the command to start Word will automatically load and all you have to do is press Enter.

Do you have ways to make Word easier to use? I am sure there is. Share them in the comments!

PRESS 1.

1. what and what... Push, squeeze, apply pressure. Press the door handle. Press the call button. Press the button.

2. what and what... Prepare an amount of something by squeezing out the juice. Press a cup of fruit drink. Press the cranberry juice.

3. transfer., on someone what... To make an impact, to force someone to speed up the execution of something (colloquial). Until you come and press this person, you will not achieve anything from him.

Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary... D.N. Ushakov. 1935-1940.

See what "PRESS" is in other dictionaries:

1. PRESS1, press, press, perfect. (to click). 1. what and what. Push, squeeze, apply pressure. Press the door handle. Press the call button. Press the button. 2. what and what. Prepare some amount of something by squeezing ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Push, push, push, push, do everything possible, give all your strength, exert pressure, exert pressure, squeeze, start, push, push, push, push, push, push, push, push, squeeze, push, push, ... ... Synonym dictionary

PRESS, see press and press. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dahl. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

PRESS 1, press, press; aty; owls. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

PRESS 2, reap, reap; aty; Sov., what and what. Compress 2 in which n. quantity. N. a lot of bread. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

PRESS, press, press; aty; sover. 1. what and to whom (what). Pressing, squeeze, press. N. button and button. N. at the door. 2. transfer., To whom (what). To exert an impact, to compel someone n. why n. (colloquial). N. on the laggards. 3. what and what. Squeeze into ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

1. PRESS, press, press; St. 1. what or what. Apply pressure, press on what l. N. on the lid of the chest. N. button (on the button). 2. what and what. Squeezing juice (from berries, fruits), cook in what l. quantity. N. juice. N. two glasses ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

to push- - [Ya.N. Luginsky, M.S.Fezi Zhilinskaya, Y.S.Kabirov. English Russian Dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, Moscow, 1999] Subjects of electrical engineering, basic concepts EN push ... Technical translator's guide

to push- I. (squeeze out juice) what and what. Press a glass of cranberry juice. Squeeze lemon juice. See on ..., prefix. II. (remove cereals) what and what. Press a hundred sheaves. Push wheat. See on ..., prefix ... Management Dictionary

to push- see: Press the trigger; Press on the ground ... Dictionary of Russian argo

Books

Sky of the Fallen, Yuri Polyakov. "The Sky of the Fallen" is a new story by the famous writer Yuri Polyakov, the author of such bestsellers as "One Hundred Days Until the Order", "A Kid in Milk". This is a tale of a strange and deadly love, oh ...

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12. Troubleshoot keyboard problems
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19. The onscreen keyboard on your computer
20.

What do the computer keys mean, the assignment of keys on the keyboard

By their purpose, the keys
on the keyboard are divided into six groups:

what groups of keys the keyboard is divided into

functional;
alphanumeric;
cursor control;
digital panel;
specialized;
modifiers.

function keys F1 - F12 on a computer keyboard

Function keys F1 - F12
on the computer keyboard

Functional row of the F1 - F12 key.
Twelve function keys are located
in the topmost row of the keyboard.

Assigning the f1 - f12 keys on a computer keyboard

Function keys also have their own functions on a computer, you can see this in the “User's Guide” attached to each computer.
But besides this - these keys are involved in, or they are also called - this is when, by pressing one, two or three keys, certain commands for the computer are executed.

For example:
by pressing the F1 key - we call the help for that
the program that you have, at this moment, is open.
About "hot keys" below.

Alphanumeric keys on the keyboard

Alphanumeric keys

Include
keys for entering letters, numbers, punctuation marks
and arithmetic operations, special characters.

The keyboard is originally capitalized. To print a capital letter,
you must first press the Shift key and hold it down to press the desired letter.

The Shift key can be pressed both to the right and to the left, as you like
more convenient (although for the ten-finger typing method it is
it is important which side of Shift to press).

If you want to print all the text in capital letters, then press the key
Caps Lock, you don't need to hold it, all the text will be in capital letters. Return
to normal typing - press the Caps Lock key again.

Switch from Cyrillic to Latin and vice versa - press Alt and hold
her, Shift. Or you can simply - by clicking on the button with the language designation at the bottom of the screen -
RU, EN and choose.

Number pad keys

The main purpose of the keys is
duplication of alphanumeric key functions
block in terms of entering numbers and arithmetic operators.

Using the keys on this panel is more convenient for entering numbers and arithmetic operators than entering these characters with the keys of the alphanumeric block.

On some computers, the numeric keypad is located in a separate unit,
right, (top image). Sometimes, most often on laptops, the numeric panel is located on the keys of the alphanumeric block, (bottom image).
In my opinion - not very convenient, but probably you need to get used to it,
if the need arises.

Keyboard modifier keys

Modifier keys

Shift, Ctrl, Caps Lock, Alt and AltGr keys (right Alt)
are among the.

They are intended to change (modify) the actions of other keys.
Modifier keys are the most commonly used, so they have
increased size. In addition, the Shift and Ctrl keys are duplicated.
on both sides of the alphanumeric keypad.

assignment of each of the keys on the computer keyboard

Assigning each of the keys
on the computer keyboard

And now - in more detail about the assignment of each of the keys on the keyboard.
computer. It is possible that not all of them will be useful to you, but you should know
what each of them is responsible for, probably!

Space bar - in addition to its main function, to do
space between words, and also removes the "selected" object.

Esc - cancel the last action (closes unnecessary windows).

Print Screen - prints the contents of the screen -
"Photographs" the screen. Then we can insert this screenshot
in Word or Paint. This screen shot is called a "screenshot".

Scroll Lock - in theory, it should serve, in order to
scroll information up and down, that is, duplicate the wheel
scrolling on a computer mouse, but not on all computers this
the button works.

Pause / Break - designed to pause an active
computer process, but also - does not work on all computers.

Insert - Insert button in order to print text over already
printed. If you press this key, the new text will be
printing erasing old. To cancel it, you need to press again
on the Insert key.

Delete - delete. Removes characters on the right side
blinking cursor. Removes "selected" objects (lines of text,
folders, files).

Home - go to the beginning of the filled line.

End - go to the end of the filled line.

Page Up - turns the page forward.

Page Down - turns the page back.

Home, End, Page Up, Page Down keys are mainly needed by those who are professional and types a lot. But also navigate with these
keys on a website page on the Internet - you can too.

Backspase - removes characters to the left of the blinking
cursor while typing text. And returns to the previous one
page in browsers and in Windows Explorer, replacing the arrow
"Back", in the upper left corner.

Tab - tab stops the cursor at a specific position in the line.
Required to work in Word programs, Excel, Access. And in the usual
typing - quickly skips to the end of a blank line.

Caps Lock - lock of capital and uppercase letters... If you need all
type the text in capital letters - press the Caps Lock key.
Return to normal position - press again.

Shift - short pressing of this key - gives the uppercase
letter. In order to print the capital letter, you must first press
Shift key and holding it press the desired letter. Shift key
you can click both on the right and on the left, as you like.

Alt - to switch to the opposite language (from English to
Russian and vice versa) - you need to press the Alt key and do not release it
Shift key. Press and hold the AltGr key (right Alt)
used to go to the second level of the keyboard.

Ctrl - right and left. Opens up additional opportunities
programs.

Nut Look - when the Nut Look indicator is on, it works
numeric (numeric) keyboard, which is located on the keyboard
either as a separate block, on the right, or in the center, on the keys -
alphanumeric.

Enter - the key for entering information, confirms the "yes" command.
For example: you enter any address into the address bar of the browser,
but there is no "find" button there, so press the key
Enter, thereby giving a command to the browser - find. In search engines
lines also can not press "find", and press Enter.
And when moving to the next line when typing - also,
press Enter.

Cursor keys - (up), (down), (right),
(to the left). Move only along filled lines. By using
these arrows can be moved not only in the text that you are typing,
but also on open pages of sites and programs. Except for those sites
where there is a search bar. There it is possible to move only along the
search bar.

What are hotkeys or keyboard shortcuts

What are hotkeys
(or "keyboard shortcuts")

"Hot keys" or "keyboard shortcuts" refer to the way
when by pressing one, two or three keys, certain
commands for the computer or for the currently open program.

First, you should know that the combination "key" + "key" means
that you first need to press the first key, and then, while holding it, the second. Keyboard
when pressing "hot keys" - in Latin (in Cyrillic, some commands call other programs).

The "hotkeys" sometimes use the Win and Menu keys, and since
on the keyboard, they only have icons, then the Win key is between
with the Ctrl and Alt keys on the left side (the Windows logo is drawn on it).
The Menu key is to the left of the right Ctrl.

Since my site is prepared to help an inexperienced user,
then I will not "load" you with a lot of existing "hot keys",
I will tell you only a few that are easier to work with and with which
I work myself.

General purpose hotkeys

"Hotkeys"
general purpose

Win - Open the Start menu.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc - Call the "Task Manager".

Win + E - Launch the "Explorer" program (short press,
because a long press opens multiple windows).

Win + D - Minimize all windows.

Win + F1 - Open Windows Help.

Win + F - Open the file search window.

Win + Pause - Displays the System Properties window.

F4 - Go to the address bar of the explorer.

F1 - Calling the help of the currently open application.

Backspace - Go up one level in the explorer window.

Ctrl + F - Launches the search utility.

Alt + Printscreen - Take a screenshot of the currently active window.

Ctrl + A - Select all (objects, text).

Ctrl + Inser t - Copy to clipboard (objects, text) -
but first "select" the object, the text.

Ctrl + P - Print the current document.

Ctrl + Z - Undo the last action.

Keyboard shortcuts for working with text

"Hotkeys"
in working with text

Ctrl + A - Select All.

Ctrl + Insert - Copy.

Shift + Delete - Cut.

Shift + Insert - Paste.

Ctrl + → - Jump by words in the text. Works not only
in text editors.

Ctrl + Shift + → - Select text by words.

Ctrl + End - Move to the beginning / end of a line of text, document.

Of course, not all of these "hot keys" are convenient to use.

It is more convenient for me to "copy", "paste", "cut" - with the right mouse button.

Hotkeys for working with files

"Hotkeys"
in working with files

Shift + F10 - Display context menu current object
(similar to right-clicking).

Menu - Same as Shift + F10.

Enter - Same as double clicking on the selected object.

Delete - Delete an object.

Shift + Delete - Permanently deleting an object,
without putting it in the basket.

What is virtual keyboard

What is "Virtual Keyboard"

"Virtual keyboard" is a program that is installed either on a PC,
or there are online services. With this program you can type
letters, numbers, punctuation marks and more - without using your keyboard on your
using only the mouse.

That is, you do not type text with your fingers, but click on the letters with the mouse.
on the "virtual keyboard" and the text is typed in the same way as on your native keyboard.

Free online virtual keyboard on Yandex

Not every novice car enthusiast has the knowledge of how to properly brake on the mechanics. After all, to brake on the machine, you just need to press the brake pedal. However, in most driving schools, they are handed over on cars with mechanics, and it is much more difficult to slow down on them.

So, how to brake properly on the mechanics? If you need to stop completely, then the safest way to brake (especially on ice, on a wet road and on slopes) is as follows: first you need to release the gas, then gently press the brake pedal and squeeze the clutch just before stopping - so as not to stall ... After that, you need to switch to neutral speed and release the pedals. There is one more way to answer the question “How to brake correctly on mechanics?”. To brake on a flat road in good weather, you must first release the gas completely, then squeeze the clutch with your left foot all the way, and then smoothly press the brake until it stops completely. After the car has come to a complete stop, you need to switch to neutral speed, release the clutch and brake pedals. It is worth noting that it is better to release the gas smoothly, and not throw it. If a person needs to leave the car even for a couple of minutes, then it is better to leave it on

It happens that you need to slow down a little or slow down. To do this, you must first release the gas pedal and slightly briefly press the brake, without touching the clutch. There is no need to fear that the car may stall. If you need to slow down in such a way that you have to switch to then you have to squeeze the clutch.

Another question that worries many: how to properly brake on ice? So, it is worth noting that emergency braking in such conditions has features that not all drivers are aware of. In ice, it is recommended to brake by intermittent short pressing on the brake pedal.

How to brake correctly on the mechanics, if the car is with In this case, you need to hold down the brake pedal with your right foot, and at the same time release and squeeze the clutch, simultaneously shifting down the gear. At the same time, it is very important that the descent is consistent, and you do not miss a single gear, otherwise you can lose control of the car.

And if the car has it, it is more difficult to brake. It is also necessary to depress the brake pedal, release and depress the clutch, ensuring the sequence of descent. However, at the same time, you still need to periodically press the gas when gears are changed - this happens after the clutch is squeezed out. Otherwise, the rear axle can be pulled to the side, and the driver will fly off the track. To learn how to accurately and quickly perform braking "at speed", you need to train, and preferably on the performance of maneuvers. It is recommended to start at low enough speeds on empty roads. Then you have to complicate the task in order to come to perfection.

What is insomnia: signs and causes

Insomnia or insomnia is a sleep disorder that is characterized by the inability to fall asleep even with fatigue and general exhaustion. Sleep can be absent altogether, or it can be superficial, shallow, short-term, or overly sensitive.

If a person suffers from insomnia, then his body does not have time to rest normally, which leads to negative consequences.
It's important to know! A specialist can diagnose insomnia if a patient complains of a complete lack of sleep at night or lack of sleep. For example, if a person sleeps less than 6 hours a day for a month, then this allows us to state that he has a sleep disorder.

This condition can be caused by a number of factors:
anxiety, stress;

depression;

external factors (bright light, noise, lack of a comfortable place to sleep);

taking medications that suppress the production of sleep hormone;

eating a lot of products containing caffeine;

elderly age;

drug or alcohol addiction.

In this case, the symptoms of insomnia should in no case be ignored. Long-term sleep disorder can lead to the following consequences:
decreased performance;

apathy and depression;

malfunctions of the internal systems of the body.

It should be understood that a full night's rest is necessary for a person not only to maintain mental, but also physical health.
Why massage helps for sleep
Acupressure massage for insomnia is far from new technique... It was used in ancient China not only to normalize sleep, but also to improve the overall health of the body. Ancient doctors proceeded from the fact that each organ is projected onto the surface of the body in the form of nerve endings.
Therefore, if you know which point is responsible for what, and how to properly massage it, you can constantly maintain the corresponding systems in a healthy state.
There are two therapy techniques that are used to treat a point on the human body:
Acupuncture (acupuncture) - the effect on the body is made by introducing special needles into the right places.

Acupressure - i.e. the actual massage actions associated with the same points.

Since acupressure does not require special acupuncture skill, this is the simplest treatment option. Therefore, massage for sleep is a good technique for fighting insomnia, available to everyone.
It is only important to determine which points should be used primarily for comfortable falling asleep, as well as how to properly carry out massage movements.

Sleep points: what you need to know
It is necessary to carry out the procedure itself correctly, since it is not enough just to find points on the body for sleeping and press on them. First, you need to prepare your hands for the session by warming them up to the desired temperature. Next, they actually look for where the sleep point is on the human body.
If it is identified correctly, after clicking on it, a feeling of aches and numbness will appear. Press with the pads of the index, thumb or middle finger. If the points are asymmetrical, then press on them with the right hand, and if they are symmetrical, then with both hands in turn.
First, you need to stretch the patient's skin to slightly warm it up. Next, the pad of the finger is pressed on the point, making smooth rotational movements, pressing the fingers deep into the body. The pressure should be gradually increased until mild soreness occurs.
It is important that the finger remains in place and does not move from the acupressure point. Its position should be perpendicular to the surface. The time of pressure on the skin should be on average 5-7 seconds, after which everything is smoothly returned to its original position, as if the finger is twisted back.
Moreover, it is not taken from the point of contact, since after a short time the procedure is repeated again.
In total, 3-5 approaches of pressure are done on sleepy points. Thus, it takes about 2-3 minutes to massage one zone. At the same time, the person should not experience pain, discomfort or other unpleasant feelings.
If at the same time the pressure increases, the frequency of heartbeat, sweating, nausea appears, the procedure ends immediately.

It does not matter which way to rotate, but some experts say that it is better to do it counterclockwise. It is also recommended to massage a maximum of 2-3 points in the first days and do it according to an abbreviated procedure in order to assess the body's response to acupressure.
What you need to know about acupressure for insomnia
The massage begins with warming up the hands and finding the desired point. If it is determined correctly, there should be a feeling of numbness, aches. Manipulation is performed with the pads of the thumb, middle or index fingers. For asymmetrical points, use the fingers of the right hand. Symmetrical points are massaged alternately with both hands.
Acupressure massage for insomnia begins with kneading the skin. Then the pad of the finger touches the point and is screwed into the tissue of the body with penetrating smooth rotational movements. The pressure should build up gradually until mild soreness.
It is necessary to ensure that the finger does not move from the acupressure point and is perpendicular to the surface. The finger presses on the fabric for several seconds (5-7) and slowly returns to its original position, as if unscrewing back. The pillow is not taken away from the massaged place and after a few seconds the cycle of twisting - twisting is repeated.
Sleep points are massaged 3 to 5 times at short intervals. The duration of manipulations on one zone is 2-3 minutes. When massaging, a person should not experience unpleasant and painful sensations. The exposure should be stopped if the heartbeat accelerates, nausea and sweating appear.
Circular rotations can be performed in any direction, but Japanese experts claim that they calm counterclockwise rotational movements. In the early days, it is advisable to limit yourself to two or three points and reduce the time for the procedure in order to understand how the body reacts to acupressure.
Not everyone can do acupressure. Main limitations:
high body temperature;

vascular diseases;

wounds, rashes, injuries, burns on the skin;

benign and malignant tumors;

acute inflammatory processes;

thrombophlebitis (you cannot massage sleepy points on the foot).

General understanding of acupressure techniques
The technique of using acupressure for insomnia originated in ancient China. Then it was used not only to normalize sleep, but also for the purpose of general health improvement.
For a long time, healers believed that each organ has its own area on the surface of the body, influencing which, it is possible to effectively treat most diseases. You just need to know what a particular zone is responsible for and correctly influence it.

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At the moment, there are two techniques that involve exposure to specific points located on the human body:
Acupuncture. This technique is better known as acupuncture and involves inserting specially designed needles into specific areas.

Acupressure. Assumes the effect on points on the body from insomnia through massage. And since this method does not require the use of special tools, it is the easiest to perform at home.

But in order to effectively deal with insomnia, it is necessary to understand its features and mechanisms of occurrence.

Contraindications
Like any manipulation, it is impossible to massage points on the human body with everyone. Acupuncture massage against insomnia has a number of contraindications.
The restrictions are:
Hyperemia - a sharp increase in body temperature with flu, SARS, colds, any infectious diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases.

An open wound on the body, incl. burns, ulcers.

Any neoplasms: malignant and benign.

Acute inflammation.

Thrombophlebitis.

Self-massage for insomnia is an effective, efficient manipulation. However, if there is any doubt, it is best to consult with your doctor first. only he can answer: you can do the procedure or abstain.
What points should be pressed for insomnia
First of all, it is important to understand which points should be used to induce sleep. This is achieved experimentally, together with the analysis of their own feelings.
The main points are as follows:
1. It is often recommended to start massage from an asymmetrical point, which is located between the eyebrows, 1 cm above the bridge of the nose. You need to press hard on her with moderate pressure. This can help you achieve restful sleep and relieve anxiety. 2. The second sleep point is located on the wrist, at the end of the wrist crease on the little finger side of the front of the wrist. It is symmetrical, so the procedure is done on both hands.
3. The third point is the back of the hand, where there is a depression between the index and thumb. If the latter is taken to the side, then it is clearly visible. If a sharp pain is felt when pressed, then the point is found correctly. The pressure is carried out on both hands.
4. The universal point of influence on which the treatment of fainting and weakness is performed. It can also be used to calm and relieve minor nervous disorders. On the outside of the foot, in the depression between the metatarsal bones of the tubular type, there is also a carotid point. To find it, a segment equal to the three middle fingers of the hand is counted from the hollow between the first and second toes. Simultaneously press on the points of both legs, while in a sitting position.
5. Find on the foot in the depression between the ankle and the bump on the heel of the point on both legs and simultaneously press on them.
6. If the patient has excessive excitement, you can perform the indicated procedure on a point in the inner side of the forearm. The point is located just above (three fingers) from the wrist fold between the tendons. If you press hard here, there will be peace and relaxation.

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7. Another asymmetrical point is localized in the region of 1.5 cm from the xiphoid process of the sternum. Press on it while lying down. 8. You can also press yourself on a point behind the lower edge of the earlobe near the base of the skull. To find this point, you need to focus on pain.
Knowledge of such points on the body and the ability to do acupressure procedures will quickly get rid of insomnia, anxiety and other phenomena associated with emotional imbalance.
It should be understood that the first procedures are not always obtained correctly, especially if they are done without the help of professionals. But over time, you can learn acupressure and with its help achieve the desired result in the fight against insomnia.
The rules of acupressure for insomnia
In oriental medicine, acupuncture is widely used to combat insomnia. Eastern healers pass on knowledge of where a person's sleepy spots are, from generation to generation, they have been actively practicing the technique for many hundreds of years. We propose to master acupuncture, which is available to all adults and is very effective.
The main thing is to apply it systematically.
It is always important to start a massage for insomnia by warming up your hands. Only then can you start searching for the desired point. The desired sleep point makes itself felt with a feeling of slight numbness and aches. Then you can proceed directly with the manipulation, performing it with the pads of the fingers. Usually large, medium and index are used.

The second and obligatory step is kneading the skin. Massaging movements should be smooth, gentle, but at the same time persistent: it is gradually important to increase efforts, as if pushing the fingertips into soft tissue... You should not feel sorry for yourself: with pressure, pain should be felt (tolerable). Found where the sleep point is? Massage it harder, and then gradually slow down. Circular motions are best calming.

You should not be too zealous when massage before going to bed: just press for 7 seconds, and do 3 to 5 "approaches" to one point. An increased heart rate, nausea, profuse sweat and other unpleasant sensations should be the reason for stopping the manipulation.

Note: Japanese massage therapists are sure that any sleep point should be warmed up clockwise, but never against.

Do not forget that not always good results of acupressure sessions are given from the first days. That is, it will not be possible to fall asleep like a baby after the first procedure. As practice shows, only after 5-7 workouts a person begins to feel his body better, feels a favorable effect, and always answers questions: I sleep very soundly.
Acupressure
There are the following types of points for acupressure:
Harmonizing;

Soothing;

Alarm points;

Stimulating;

Special.

Acupressure massage helps:
Regulate the work of internal organs;

Activate energy potential;

Find emotional balance;

Relieve pain.

Long-term practice shows that acupressure has no contraindications, with the exception of skin allergies and thrombosis. But this applies to massage in general, when exposure to large areas of the body overstimulates blood circulation or irritates sensitive skin.

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The first attempts to put a person to sleep
The very first attempts to completely euthanize a person were made in Egypt and Syria. A person was put to sleep by squeezing the vessels of the neck, this method was used during circumcision operations. They also tested a way to turn off a person by bloodletting, which caused brain anemia.
Sometimes such attempts ended very tragically and it was no longer possible to wake up a person after such manipulations ...
It is logical to assume that the discovery of anesthesia belongs to some one surgeon, and maybe even a group of surgeons, because it was surgeons who most of all faced the problem of putting a person to sleep and turning off his consciousness during an operation. However, it is not.
The first to apply anesthesia was the unknown physician Thomas Morton. Dr. Morton constantly needed patients, as people were afraid of the pain that the dentist gave them during treatment, and therefore preferred to walk with old and decayed teeth, just not to suffer.

T. Morton was ardent opponents of this situation and chose for his experiments the best and available anesthetic for that time: diethyl ether. He very responsibly approached the experiments with ether, conducted various experiments on animals, and after experiments on animals, he began to remove the teeth of his fellow dentists.
Then Morton constructed a very primitive apparatus for anesthesia of patients, and only when he was fully confident in his success, he decided to conduct a public demonstration of his anesthesia. On October 16, 1846, to remove a tumor of the jaw, he called a familiar surgeon, and left himself the role of the world's first anesthesiologist.
(The previous demonstration of anesthesia by Dr. Wells was a fiasco due to poor choice of anesthetic and Wells' two functions in one person as surgeon and anesthesiologist.) The operation took place in deathly silence, and the patient slept peacefully.
The doctors who gathered at the demonstration were amazed. The patient woke up to deafening applause from the audience.
Where are the sleep points located?
Where are the sleep points located?
There are only 3 sleep points on the human body. The first is located at a distance of approximately 1 cm from the outer corner of both eyes. In order to fall asleep, you need to massage it with two fingers. The second is located between the eyebrows. To doze off, you need to lightly press it with your index finger several times.
The third is located near the nostrils, at the width of a finger. To fall asleep, you should massage it in a circle. Sleep points should not be confused with the places where blood vessels exit to the skin, from the overlap of which, by pressing with a finger, a person will faint, and not fall asleep.
In oriental medicine, many more sleep points are distinguished, but falling asleep occurs not only by pressing on them, but also with the help of acupuncture and applying special ointments to them.

How to put a person to sleep with your hands?
In different situations, it may be necessary to search for sleep points and their location on the human body. Sometimes a person needs this skill in everyday life. For example, in order to calm down a person who is intoxicated.
Even in ancient times, people knew that when pressing on certain points on the human body, he could fall unconscious. One of these points is located on the shoulder a little closer to the neck, pressing on it leads to loss of consciousness. The same thing happens when the carotid artery is pressed. And it can be used as a way to put a drunk person to sleep.
Head and ears
First you need to rub your palms well and with the heat from them, as it were, wash your face, running your hands over your cheeks and forehead 15-20 times. The point between the eyebrows should be massaged with the pads of the middle fingers (alternately), rising constantly upward.
Repeat should be 30 times with each finger (left and right hand). Next, you should move the pads along the eyebrows until slight pain sensations become noticeable.
Highly simple technique- Massaging the lobes, which are clamped between the thumb and forefinger and are rubbed until completely warmed up. With the same movements, knead the auricles along the entire length.
Neck
Paired points, which are located in the recesses below the ears, should be washed well with the index and middle fingers (15-20 repetitions). Repeat the same movements with a painful point located directly under the process of the skull (movement from the ears towards the back of the head).
Then all fingers, except the thumb, should go up and down the clavicular muscle. It is easy to identify if you turn your head and strain your neck: the muscle starts under the ear and ends right at the base of the neck.

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Stomach
Abdominal massage is excellent not only for sleep disorders, but also stimulates the digestive processes. This is especially helpful if you feel mild, bloated, or otherwise unwell. Move your palm clockwise and counterclockwise around the navel (20 movements in each direction).
Feet
Finally, the feet are massaged at the points described with the pads of the middle and index fingers. It is especially effective to do these exercises after steaming the legs in hot water - then the blood flow is especially strong, and the benefit from the session is greatest.
Combinations
You can work with all of the points above or choose the following options:
Shen-ting, Yin-tang, Shen-men, San-yin-jiao.

Yin-tang, Da-ling, Bai-hui, Tai-si.

Tai-si, Shen-men, San-yin-jiao.

Work through them one by one, or one, if it turns out to be effective.
Accelerate falling asleep
Continuous pressure on the bridge of the nose for 10 minutes with the thumb and forefinger.
Before going to bed, lying in bed:
stretch your legs, bend and unbend your thumbs on the feet, this will improve blood circulation.

Rub your hands to warm up. Massage your abdomen with your palms, alternating clockwise and counterclockwise, 20 times in each direction. The procedure is good for the stomach, improves digestion.

Ancient wisdom of China
The ancient Chinese believed that any disturbance in the human body is associated with a lack of qi energy.
Chi energy is the power of the universe. The triune structure unites the Earth, Heaven and Man. All processes in the world develop according to the cycles of Heavenly and Earthly energy. Every living being, including man, is associated with the main forces.
Health also depends on the balance of qi. To restore it, the Chinese use the methods of alternative medicine: acupuncture and acupressure.
Both methods are based on the study of active points on the human body. They are projections of internal organs. If they are influenced by massage or acupuncture, various diseases can be cured.
An acupuncturist works with needles that are gently driven into the body. Acupressure is an acupressure that a person can do to themselves.
In Chinese schools, acupressure is taught as a separate subject. Knowing about points helps in a variety of situations. But there are about a thousand points on the body, even the masters do not know all of them. It is enough for an ordinary person to find out which points will help in a particular case. For example, with insomnia.

What point to press to quickly fall asleep?
Many people who cannot sleep are also interested in the question, where is the sleep point located? There are actually several points that can help you fall asleep faster. First of all, these are points on the human body, pressing on which allows you to relax, because without this it is impossible to get rid of insomnia.
Point at a distance of 1 cm from the outer corner of the eye. To make it easier to fall asleep, you need to massage it with your index and middle fingers. Point between the eyebrows. It should be lightly pressed with the index finger several times. A point that can be found finger-width apart near the nostrils. It is usually massaged in a circle.
To sleep quickly, you need to press the points above the eyes with two fists, then close the eyelids and “see” your own legs with your inner gaze.
Thus, there are drowsiness points on the human body that can make him fall asleep or faint. But you should click on them very carefully, in order to avoid unpredictable consequences.
How to maintain tone
Arriving at work, you should immediately open the window. Fresh air will flow into the room, and the person will avoid oxygen starvation, which is most often the cause of drowsiness.
It is also worth remembering that the calm atmosphere is conducive to relaxation. How to wake up at work if your eyes are closed, and there is also silence and peace around? In this case, you should turn on the music in the headphones. Or, if there is time and opportunity, start a conversation with colleagues. An interesting conversation automatically drives away the desire to sleep, as boredom disappears immediately.
It is also very important that the room is light. And preferably cool. When there is no good lighting and it is hot, not only drowsiness arises, but also a feeling of fatigue and relaxation.

Heart palpitations
Each of you may face an unpleasant situation when, out of breath, you cannot regain your breath and your heart is about to "jump out of your chest" or, on the contrary, stop. This state can be experienced after a hurried journey to school or an important meeting.
And it seems that after this time a lot of time has passed, but your heart still beats like crazy. Stop! Just do not rush now to run after sedatives, dispersing an already restless organ. For this case, we also found a point that will help you come to your senses.
The place responsible for the work of the heart is in the palm of your hand, under the thumb. If you bend your fingers, your index finger will dig right into it.
With an increased heart rate, massage this point in a circular motion, counterclockwise. In slow motion - clockwise. But, in general, that's all. Your heart is calm, and your body is glad that this time there were no pills.
Relieve stress
If some of you do not know, then we are simply obliged to convey to you the following information. Severe stress causes not only moral depression, but also worsens a person's physical health. Namely, it contributes to the appearance of: insomnia, headaches, indigestion, a constant feeling of fatigue, colds and exacerbation of chronic diseases.
And you got it right now. You need to fight with him! And now we will show you a method that any person can master.
Feel for small indentations on the back of the head, they are located symmetrically, directly under the occipital bone, on the hairline, at the junction of the head and neck. You can massage these points in turn or at the same time. This is best done with the pads of the middle fingers, in a circular motion, clockwise.
To relieve anxiety, usually 5 minutes of such self-massage is enough. You will be surprised, but after such actions, you will really feel better. Try it!

Medicines for influencing human consciousness
Despite the fact that today a large number of drugs are known that can be used to euthanize a person instantly, they should be used only by qualified specialists in special dosages. If the dosage is not followed, the effect can be fatal.
One of these potent drugs is chloroform, which in terms of its narcotic effect is 3-4 times stronger than ether and by the same number of times more toxic. This drug is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Its vapors do not irritate the respiratory tract, but the liquid is irritating to mucous membranes and skin.
When a person is euthanized with chloroform, severe salivation is observed. Entering into anesthesia occurs quickly enough and practically without arousal. At this point, there is good muscle relaxation and pain relief.
What points are massaged for insomnia
It is necessary to correctly determine where the sleep point is. The effect of acupressure depends on it.
The zone to be influenced is precisely determined by one's own feelings.
You can start the massage from an asymmetrical point located between the eyebrows, about one centimeter above the bridge of the nose. You need to press on it hard enough. The procedure will help get rid of heavy restless dreams.

The second acupressor point for sleep is located on the front of the wrist on the little finger at the end of the wrist crease. Determined by the groove between the tendons. The massage is done on the right and left hand.

The area for exposure is located on the back of the hand in the depression between the thumb and forefinger. It is clearly visible with the thumb extended to the side. Breaking or sharp pain when pressing indicates the correct definition of the point. The area on the right and left palms is being worked out.

Find a point on the outside of the foot, located in the depression between the tubular metatarsal bones. From the gap between the first and second toes on the foot, a distance equal to the three middle fingers of the hand is laid. The massage of both zones is performed simultaneously in a sitting position.

The sleeping points, located on the outer sides of both feet, in the depression between the heel tubercle and ankle, are massaged simultaneously.

With strong arousal, it is recommended to work out the area on the inner part of the forearm. It is located about three fingers up from the wrist crease between the tendons. With deep pressure, the person relaxes and calms down.

The asymmetrical point lies at a distance of one and a half centimeters from the xiphoid process of the sternum. Acupressure is performed while lying down.

It is convenient to act independently on the area at the base of the skull behind the lower edge of the earlobe. Pain sensations will help determine the exact location of the zone. You can massage the point with the adjacent area.

The area near the crown vortex is massaged in a sitting position and can be accurately identified by drawing a line from the top of the ears to the crown of the head.

These specific points on the human body should help with emotional imbalance, anxiety, and sleep problems. The first independent acupressure sessions do not always give the desired effect. After several procedures, skills appear, a person feels his body better and achieves a positive result.

How to measure the pulse of the carotid artery?
The common carotid artery is palpable on the neck just below the thyroid cartilage of the larynx on either side of the trachea. The thyroid cartilage in men forms the Adam's apple, and therefore is easily distinguishable visually.
In women, it is palpable with the head slightly thrown back. Having felt the thyroid cartilage, you need to lower your fingers 1-2 cm lower - it is at this point that you can palpate the pulse on the carotid artery.
Normally, the pulse on the common carotid arteries is the same on both sides, it is felt somewhat more distinctly than on the radial arteries (on the wrist), but coincides with it in frequency. As a rule, in healthy people, the pulse on the carotid arteries is not measured, since this is not necessary.
This indicator becomes important if vascular pathology is suspected. In particular, the discrepancy between the pulse in the carotid and radial arteries indicates that there is some kind of obstruction to blood flow in the subclavian artery system (thrombus or congenital vasoconstriction).
If the pulse on the right and left carotid arteries does not coincide in frequency, this indicates a violation of blood flow in the system of one of the common carotid arteries.

In shock and terminal conditions, the pulse on the radial arteries is not determined, and there is a need to look for it on the common carotid arteries. The absence of a pulse in the carotid arteries is one of the signs of clinical death.
Where is the carotid artery located?
Not sure where the carotid artery is? This is worth knowing - after all, it is on it that the pulse is best felt, which can be useful to you in many situations.
The carotid artery, or how to call it more correctly - the common carotid artery (arteria carotis communis), carries blood from the heart to the brain and peripheral organs of the human head. It is quite wide in diameter, since for the normal supply of oxygen to the nerve cells of the brain tissue, the blood flow must be intense and stable.
You may have noticed how uncomfortable it becomes if the tie is tightened too tightly, or if the neck of the sweater tightly wraps around the neck - the unpleasant sensations are caused precisely by the fact that the carotid arteries are slightly squeezed. If you transmit them more strongly, as happens with suffocation, the person loses consciousness.

From the outside, it looks like you suddenly fell asleep - hence the colloquial name arteria carotis communis.
Speaking about where the carotid artery is located, the first step is to clarify - a person has two of them: one runs on the left along the neck, the other on the right. The first is longer than the second, since they originate in different places: at the brachiocephalic trunk and in the aortic arch, respectively. On both sides of the throat of the carotid artery, the pulse is well felt.
Find the point under the cheekbone or in the hole on the side of the Adam's apple where the vein beats and count the blows. For many people, the pulse is practically inaudible on the wrist, while it is almost always easily detected on the throat. An exception - to find the pulse among the pumped muscles of the neck, you still need to get a handle.
Look for the carotid artery in yourself right now: this useful skill may one day allow you to save a wounded person - recognizing a heartbeat, you can confidently conclude that it is not too late to help the unfortunate person.

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What is insomnia: signs and causes

Why massage helps for sleep

Sleep points: what you need to know

What you need to know about acupressure for insomnia

General understanding of acupressure techniques

Contraindications

What points should be pressed for insomnia

The rules of acupressure for insomnia

Acupressure

The first attempts to put a person to sleep

Where are the sleep points located?

How to put a person to sleep with your hands?

Head and ears

Neck

Stomach

Feet

Combinations

Accelerate falling asleep

Ancient wisdom of China

What point to press to quickly fall asleep?

How to maintain tone

Heart palpitations

Relieve stress

Medicines for influencing human consciousness

What points are massaged for insomnia

How to measure the pulse of the carotid artery?

Where is the carotid artery located?