Including files in PHP using include and require. Including files in PHP using include and require Imaginary section php

1. config_load function

This function is used to load variables from configuration files into the template. In addition to the name of the downloaded file, this function may have several more additional parameters. For example, the section parameter, which specifies the name of the section to load. More detailed information These and other parameters can be found in the Smarty documentation.

Example:
(config_load file="task.conf")

2. Capture function

(capture name="block_name"
assign="variable_name") ...
(/capture)

This function is designed to collect the template output into a variable instead of printing it to the screen.

Everything between (capture name="varname") and (/capture) will be written to a variable called varname. Content captured in this way can be used in the template via the special variable $smarty.capture.varname, where varname is the value passed to the name attribute of the capture function. If a variable name is not specified, the default name will be used.

The second parameter assign specifies the name of the variable to which the captured output value will be assigned. This parameter, like name, is optional.

3. Section function

(section name="section_name"
loop="variable_to_calculate_number_of_iterations"
[,start="start_position_index"]
[, step="step"] [,max="maximum_iterations"]
[,show="show_section"] )...
(/section)

The Section is a loop for traversing the elements of an array. The required parameters are name, which sets the name of the section, and loop, which is a variable that determines the number of iterations of the loop.

Typically loop is type variable array, and the number of iterations of the section is equal to the number of elements of this array. To display a variable inside a loop, you need to specify the section name in square brackets after the variable name.

(section name=art loop=$title)

Title: ($title)

(/section)

Example 15.8. Loop to traverse array elements

4. foreach function

(foreach from="array_name"
item="current_item_name")
...(/foreach)

In addition, you can use additional attributes key - the name of the key for the current array element and name - the name of the loop, with which you can access its properties. The from and item attributes are required.

foreach loops are an alternative to section loops. The foreach function works very similar to foreach loop in PHP language.
(foreach from=$articles item=art)
Title: ($art)

(/foreach)

Example 15.9. foreach loop

foreach loops have their own properties. They can be accessed like this: ($smarty.foreach.foreachname.varname) where foreachname is the name of the loop given by its name parameter, and varname is the name of the property.

5. If, elseif, else statement

(if expression) action_block
(elseif expression1) action_block1
(else) action_block2
(/if)

The operation of the operator is almost similar to the if...elseif...else operator in PHP.

The following comparison operators can be used in expressions: eq, ne, neq, gt, lt, lte, le, gte, ge, is even, is odd, is not even, is not odd, not, mod, div by, even by, odd by, ==, !=, >,<, <=, >=. Each of them must be separated from the surrounding values ​​by spaces. You can use parentheses in expressions and call PHP functions.

(if $name eq “Vasya”)
Welcome, Vasya.
(elseif $name eq “Petya”)
Welcome, Petya.
(else)
Welcome. And who are you?
(/if)

Example 15.10. Operators if, elseif, else

(* this example will not work because there are no spaces around the comparison operators *)
(if $name=="Vasya" || $name=="Petya")
...
(/if)
Example 15.11. Not working example

By creating websites on our own (without using frameworks, CMS, and other fancy things that make life easier for web developers), we are faced with the problem of making changes to the site when there are a lot of pages.

To ensure that we do not have to change identical parts of the site in each of the page files, we can use convenient PHP instructions, which give us the opportunity to include files with the necessary code in all pages using literally one line of code. Then, by changing the contents of the connected file, we change the code on all pages of the site. Convenient no matter how you look at it.

Now let’s look at ways to connect files in more detail:

Using include and require

You will not be able to detect a fundamental difference between these two instructions, even if you try, but there are some nuances:

If an error occurs during the execution of the require command, the parser will receive a fatal error response and the execution of the page code will stop, while include will only issue a warning and file execution will continue (the file will simply not be included).

Let's look at a simple example to better understand the topic.

We have our minisite in which the header and footer are the same on all pages, but the body of the document changes.

We create the files header.php and footer.php in which we place the code that will be the same on all pages, and in the files index.php and newpage.php we will connect the static parts. As a result we get:

Contents of header.php

< header> < nav> < a href= "newpage1.php" title= "menu item" >menu item < a href= "newpage2.php" title= "menu item" >menu item < a href= "newpage3.php" title= "menu item" >menu item

Contents of footer.php

< footer> < p>Made by us

Contents of other pages of the site