How to make a model of Ursa Major from plasticine. Thematic lesson “Space”
The first thing you should tell your child when studying space is that our earth is spherical. Take a globe and show on it the land, on which there are mountains, rivers, forests, deserts, and the blue surface - this is all water - seas and oceans. Walk your fingers around the globe to the rhyme:
We're walking around the globe
We raise our fingers together.
Jumped over the forest
We climbed the mountain,
We found ourselves in the ocean -
We shopped together.
Let's go to Antarctica
It's cold, frozen.
We all boarded the rocket -
They flew into space (raise the handle up).
Tell your child that around us is space. It is very big. And there are many planets in space. One of them is our Earth. We hung up the “Planets of the Solar System” poster for the child and looked at it.
Let's recite a poem about the planets:
All planets in order
Any of us can name:
One - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars.
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
He is the eighth in a row.
And after him, then,
And the ninth planet
Called Pluto.
My child and I drew these planets: we depict the sun in the center, draw the orbits in which the planets rotate with a compass, draw planets on each line, saying where the small planet is and where the big one is. You can play with balls - put a large ball in the center - the Sun. We make orbits from threads. We put balls on them different sizes. We roll them in orbits. A baby can also be a planet - run around in its orbit - this is how we remember the names of the planets.
There are also stars in space - fireballs.
Day and night. Tell your child why there is day and night. My son and I took a globe in the dark and a flashlight. We talk about the fact that the Earth rotates around its axis - we show how. We shine a flashlight on one part of the globe - in this part of the earth it is now day, and in the opposite part it is night.
Winter and summer. Now we will move the globe around the “sun” and observe what happens to the lighting. Due to the fact that the sun illuminates the surface of the Earth differently, the seasons change. If it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, then in the Southern Hemisphere, on the contrary, it is winter.
We laid out planets and comets from a mosaic:
Moon. We roll a ball out of plasticine, on which we make dents - craters - with a pencil. The lid was sealed with plasticine - it turned out to be a flying saucer on which we put aliens. 
We make a comet from plasticine - a spaghetti tail. 
Talk about constellations. We glue the stars in a chaotic order and connect them into a constellation with a felt-tip pen. Plasticine stars were attached to the pictures. 
Game "Pick up a constellation". It is necessary to connect the constellation with the corresponding picture.
Game "Space Puzzles"
Game with meteorites. We draw craters on the sheet in which we make cuts. We make meteorites for them. The task is to match each crater with its own meteorite based on the number of points on it. We put them in funnels. 
Ship with the Nikitin Unicube. You need to place cubes on a rocket with multi-colored squares so that its top and side faces are the same color. 
Game "Connection"- connect the syllable with the picture. 
We make words from Zaitsev's cubes: 
Outdoor game “Collect the stars”- cut out several stars and number them. Place it around the room in hard to reach places. To collect all the stars, the child needs to climb onto a chair and get it, reach it, push it with a stick, climb onto the wall bars.
Game "Flying Comet". Take a balloon and attach a juice or cocktail straw to it with tape. Thread a thread into the tube and attach the edges to different parts rooms, preferably at an angle. We let the ball fly - it “flies” to the other end along a string. My child had a lot of delight!
Making rockets with your own hands from a cardboard tube and colored paper: 
We post pictures from counting sticks:
Educational game "Space". My son really likes to play the game “Space” with reusable stickers. It has a playing field and various figures - astronauts, aliens, a flying saucer, planets, a rocket, meteorites, asteroids, etc. Thanks to reusable stickers, we create interesting and unusual versions of gaming situations. 
Let's play "Astronomers"- We put on the child a cap decorated with stars and a cloak (made from a sheet). We take a cardboard tube - this will be our telescope. Decorate it with your child with stars or simply paint it with paints. I drew space images (comets, stars, moon, etc.) on a chalkboard. The child observed them through a “spyglass,” then turned away and guessed what had changed.
Performed the following tasks:
Find differences: 
Count how many starships have already landed on an unknown planet. How many starships have not yet landed. Show the required numbers. 
Tell the alien what these objects are called, how they are similar, how they are different. 
Circle the craters on the lunar surface: 
Count how many rockets are flying to the right, how many to the left, up and down. 
Help the flying saucers make an accident-free landing - complete the drawings in the empty windows required quantity points. Their total number must correspond to the indicated figures. 
Find the missing rocket: 
Date: 06/13/2017, 00:29
There is no other constellation in the entire sky that contains as many interesting and easily observable objects as Orion. First of all, we will describe its main stars. Rigel, plasticine Beta Orionis is the brightest star in the constellation. The color of this star is bluish-white, the surface temperature is about 13,000 K. The apparent brightness of Rigel is quite significant (0.3m), and yet it is difficult to believe that this star emits light 64,000 times more intense than our Sun. The reason for Rigel's exceptionally high luminosity is not only that Rigel is very hot, but also because of its size. Exceeding the Sun in diameter by 40 times. Rigel is rightfully considered a supergiant.
Rigel is a triple star. Using a large school refractor, you can easily see a 7m white hot star next to it at a distance of 9”. Judging by the spectrum, this satellite of Rigel, in turn, is a close pair of stars orbiting around general center mass complete revolution in almost 10 days. Rigel and its satellites are very far from Earth - we are separated by almost 1000 light years. No matter how large Rigel is, the red star Betelgeuse, alpha Orionis, is incomparably larger. This is truly a giant, unlike the vast majority of other stars, it has a noticeable visible disk. In any case, its diameter was repeatedly measured using an interferometer and as a result it was found that Betelgeuse’s diameter is 300 times larger than the Sun! Having replaced the Sun, Betelgeuse would have absorbed all the nearby planets up to and including Mars! Even more tragic would be the replacement of the Sun by Rigel. This bluish-white supergiant, bursting with heat, would incinerate the entire organic world of the Earth. Betelgeuse is a semi-regular variable star. In the bizarre curve of changes in its brightness, two fluctuations can be distinguished - with periods of 180 and 2070 days. Interestingly, there is good agreement between the brightness variations and changes in the diameter of Betelgeuse determined using an interferometer. At maximum brightness, the diameter of the star is minimal (and the temperature is highest); at minimum, the opposite is true. This means that fluctuations in the brightness of Betelgeuse and stars similar to it are caused by “semi-regular” pulsations.
The star Bellatrix - gamma Orion - is inferior in brilliance to both Rigel and Betelgeia. But it is also a giant star, even hotter than Rigel - the surface temperature of Bellatrix exceeds 20,000 K. By the way, in the Middle Ages it was called Bellatrix, that is, in Latin, “warrior”. In the astrological books of that era you can find an amusing note that “women born under the influence of this star are happy and love to talk.” The fourth star kappa in the main figure of Orion does not have its own name, but we want to draw the reader's attention to the fact that this star is a hot giant with a surface temperature of about 25,000 K. The three stars that make up the celestial hunter's belt are also very interesting. Zeta and delta stars belong to the rare spectral class O, and their surface temperature even slightly exceeds 25,000 K. The third epsilon star is very similar in physical properties to the kappa star. Find two more bright O-class stars in the constellation Orion - Sigma and Lambda. The last one is the hottest of them all bright stars Orion (its surface temperature is close to 30,000 K). Under Orion's belt, where on modern star maps the stars theta and iota are depicted, and on ancient maps the sword of a celestial hunter is drawn; the naked eye can discern a small foggy speck. This is the famous Orion Nebula, photographs of which are no less popular than photographs of the Andromeda Nebula.
It is strange that neither ancient nor medieval astronomers apparently knew anything about this nebula. It is especially striking that Galileo, who carefully studied this wonderful constellation through his telescope, did not notice the Orion Nebula. It was first seen in 1618 by the German astronomer Johann Cisat, and even then by accident, while observing a bright comet. Be that as it may, since then the Orion Nebula has been one of those objects to which astronomers pay especially close attention. Through binoculars, the nebula is clearly visible as a smeared light speck of vague outlines. The complex structure of the nebula and its very extensive dimensions are clearly visible in the photographs. There is reason to think that the Orion Nebula “envelops” almost the entire constellation, and only the densest and brightest central part is accessible to the naked eye (as in the Andromeda Nebula). The nature of the two brightest nebulae in the earth's sky - in Andromeda and in Orion - is completely different. The Andromeda Nebula is colossal and very distant star system from tens of billions of suns. The Orion Nebula is an incomparably smaller cloud (its average diameter is close to 5 pc) of extremely rarefied gases (mainly hydrogen). The Andromeda Nebula is a neighboring galaxy. The Orion Nebula is located inside our Galaxy, 350 pc from the Sun. The average density of this gaseous or, as is often said, diffuse nebula is 10^17 times less than the density of room air. In other words, a part of the nebula with a volume of 100 cubic kilometers will have a mass of one milligram! The best vacuum achieved in laboratories is millions of times denser than the Orion Nebula!
And yet the total mass of this gigantic formation, much more than a comet, deserving the name of “visible nothingness,” is enormous. From the material of the Orion Nebula, it would be possible to make about a thousand suns like ours, or over three hundred million Earth-like planets!
This is what the “astronomical” scale of the Orion Nebula means, making it extremely “weighty” even with an insignificant average density! For the sake of clarity, we note that if the Earth is reduced to the size of a pinhead, then at this scale the Orion Nebula will occupy a volume the size of the globe! The Orion Nebula glows brightly. But this light is “cold”, caused mainly by luminescence processes, which are excited by hot stars close to the nebula or even immersed in it. When looking at the Orion Nebula, you probably noticed the star theta. This, in fact, is not one star, but a whole system of six stars! The four brightest of them, as if marking the vertices of some imaginary trapezoid, are clearly visible even in small telescopes. The fifth and sixth stars of this amazing system were discovered only in 1826 and 1830, since they are very faint (about 11m) and their distance from the other stars is close to 4". It is remarkable that these six stars are hot giants, similar to those , which have already been mentioned.
Can the abundance of hot giants in one specific area of the sky - the constellation Orion - be considered random? Of course not. This is a typical stellar 0-association, and its core is a “sixfold” theta star. Hot giants have one characteristic feature- they are unusually wasteful. For example, Rigel every second transforms about 80 billion tons of its substance into radiation, into dazzling streams of light! With such a waste of substance, Rigel would be completely “bankrupt” in 10 million years. But the brilliance of Rigel suggests that this star is far from “bankrupt”, which means its age does not exceed 10 million years!
By the standards of human life, 10 million years is an unimaginably long period. But already on the scale of the Earth’s evolution, this same value looks quite insignificant. The lizards became extinct tens of millions of years ago, and their eyes could not see Rigel. From an astronomical point of view, this star is a perfect baby!
The other hot giants of the Orion 0-association, by the way, one of the closest to us (distance 380 pc), are approximately equally young.
The youth of this association also follows from completely different considerations. As Academician V.A. Ambartsumyan believes, in the Orion trapezoid (and other similar multiple systems) the movements of the components cannot be periodic, that is, they cannot occur in closed, unchanging orbits. Systems of the “trapezoid type” must decay, and in a very short time frame on an astronomical scale. Calculations carried out by V. A. Ambartsumyan show that the sixfold “trapezoid of Orion” exists for no more than several million years. This means that from this point of view, the 0-association of the constellation Orion arose quite recently from some kind of prestellar matter.
The Orion Nebula has many peculiar variable stars, called T Tauri stars (after the designation of their main representative). These are, as a rule, not hot giants, but, on the contrary, cool yellow, orange and red dwarfs with bright emission lines in the spectrum. Their brightness changes completely randomly, and these fluctuations, apparently, are caused by frequent, although non-periodic, emissions of hot, brightly glowing gases from their interior into the star’s atmosphere. In general, T Tauri stars, by their physical characteristics, give the impression of some kind of restless, “unstable” or, as they say, non-stationary stars. This fact alone can be considered a hint at the comparative youth of such objects.
In fact, this is true. T Tauri stars, as has now been irrefutably proven, form their own T-associations, the age of which does not exceed several million years.
The Orion constellation contains three T associations, of which the richest (220 stars) is concentrated in the region of the star T Orionis, near the brightest part of the Orion Nebula. The constellation Orion is some kind of boiling “heavenly cauldron”, where even in the present era worlds are born and stars are created. The gigantic Orion Nebula, the O- and T-associations immersed in it - all this gives the impression of something young, recently born, far from equilibrium. This impression will be strengthened if you pay attention to two more facts.
The first is the rotation of the Orion Nebula and the young stars enveloped in it around a certain axis, discovered by the famous Soviet researcher of the stellar Universe P. P. Parenago. The second is the rapid “escape” from the Orion Nebula of three hot stars - AE Aurigae, 53 Aries and mu Dove. These stars left the central part of the Orion constellation about two and a half million years ago and are now flying away from it in all directions at a speed of more than 100 km/s! Apparently, some kind of explosion threw them out of the 0-association of Orion either at the moment of its birth, or in an era close to it. No, the constellation Orion is truly the most “restless” place in the sky, and here, undoubtedly, before our eyes, although at an extremely slow pace by human standards, great cosmic events are taking place!
Elena Nikitina
Children are by nature very inquisitive people. They are interested in everything, they explore the world around them and ask a lot of questions.
One of the topics that is very interesting to children is space. Space is a mysterious world stars, planets, and other objects. From childhood, children see that day gives way to night. It's shining in the sky during the day Sun, and at night the moon. And the sky is strewn with many stars.
Together with the children of our group, we decided that in our small but cozy group room there would be enough space for starry sky, and for planets. Create your own The solar system is a huge work, but at the same time so fascinating and entertaining event, not only for teachers, but also for children, that we simply could not refuse it. We started preparing in the summer.
Equipment and materials: 3 meters of lining fabric, 2 meters of foil paper, push pins, inflatable balloons, balls, wallpaper glue, newspapers, napkins, threads, paints, acrylic varnish.
1. Starry sky.
Making a starry sky did not cause any difficulties for the children. This was preceded by a preliminary Job: conversations were held about space, sky, stars, planets; looked at paintings and illustrations; painted comets and Milky Way, watched the sky and stars.
Progress:
1. The guys cut stars made of foil paper;
2. Spread the cloth on the floor;
3. Secured stars on fabric.
2. solar system.
It all started with the selection of suitable size balls or balloons. We did not select absolutely exact proportions to match the sizes planets, otherwise they would turn out to be very voluminous balls.
The children inflated balloons and prepared balls.
Balls from children's toys were placed and tied in a plastic bag. The balloons were inflated and tied well so that in the process manufacturing they didn't start to deflate!
They covered the balls.
We used newspapers, paper napkins and white paper. Glued with wallpaper glue. All paper should be torn, not cut.
We soaked strips of newspaper in the prepared glue. We covered the balls with three layers of paper. Before laying the next layer, the previous one was allowed to dry.
In the summer open window The glue dries very quickly.
The next stage is to take out balls and marbles. We used a utility knife and carefully cut the pieces into two halves without damaging the balls. The balls were simply taken out by piercing them.
Painting
The guys painted with gouache paints. They apply easily, but wash off with water. We attach threads to the surface of the balls, which will be useful for attaching to the ceiling. Before applying the next layer of paint, it is important to wait until the previous one has completely dried.
The starry sky is ready, planets of the solar system too... Now the most important thing! We fix the canvas with stars, constellations, comets, etc. on the ceiling. Planets take their place in heaven... The starry sky and planets of the Solar System are ready for study.
Dear colleagues, I hope you liked our Starry sky and planets of the Solar System!
Publications on the topic:
In our kindergarten The SPACE ROOM was created. Each group presented material on a space theme. The guys and I decided.
Hello dear colleagues! I want to show you my layout of "Planets" solar system". After all, soon April 12 is Cosmonautics Day, and the topic.
On the eve of Cosmonautics Day, I prepared an informative visual material to replenish materials for the developmental environment in kindergarten.
I would like to present to your attention a model of the “Planets of the Solar System” with my own hands. Space is very big. Besides our Earth, there are others.
Any of us can name all the planets in order. One - Mercury, two - Venus, three - Earth, four - Mars. Five - Jupiter, six - Saturn, seven.
Take a medium-sized hoop and wrap it with insulating tape. Cover it with fabric of the appropriate color. Make balls out of paper.