How to Choose a USB WiFi Network Adapter for Computer or Laptop. Network problems

Today, full-fledged work at a computer is possible only if you have access to the Internet. Outdated wired connections have lost ground - all you have to do is connect to the nearest access point. And if adapters on laptops, as a rule, are already installed by the manufacturer, then for a stationary PC you will need to install a Wi-Fi adapter. Let's see how to choose the optimal model for different requirements.

Types of adapters

First of all, you need to decide on the type of wifi adapter for your computer. According to the features of the installation, two large groups are distinguished. The first includes external models that are connected outside the computer. The second group includes internal options that are mounted in the device case. Out of fashion, but still occurring adapters on the CardBus, installed in a special slot, stand apart.

External Wi-Fi adapters

External models are the most popular and the easiest to install, since they do not require special knowledge of computer design. They can be installed outside the PC without opening the case. It is only necessary that the corresponding port, most often USB, be free.

Dimensions may vary: compact models practically do not protrude beyond the port, larger ones look like flash drives. For easier placement or better reception (for example, to physically bring the adapter closer to the access point), it is possible to connect via an extension cable.

Since USB is a universal port, external models can also be connected to almost any computer - even to a stationary one, even to a laptop. Modern operating systems are able to recognize most of these models. This USB computer adapter is automatically activated after installation.

Please note that the baud rate of the most recent models may exceed the capabilities of older connectors. For example, USB 2.0 will not be enough to use the entire channel of 802.11ac adapters - they must be plugged into high-speed USB 3.0 ports.

Occasionally, there are models with a connection to an Ethernet connector. In this case, communication is established between the adapter and the computer via a regular network cable.

Internal wifi adapters

Internal options are provided for installation in the system unit. From the outside, they may not be visible at all - of course, if the model does not have a special external antenna to improve the reception quality. But even in this case, it is located on the back of the PC and is practically unobtrusive. So if appearance computer is critical, and it is also undesirable to borrow USB ports, then it is better to stop at this option.

Note that when installed completely internally, the signal may not pass through as the metal parts of the case will block it. Models with a remote antenna almost never have such difficulties. Some adapters also provide for replacing the outer part with a more powerful antenna.

A typical installation option is inside a system unit in a PCI Express slot, as for a regular network card. Less common is the PCI standard, as it is already outdated. At the same time, portability suffers, since quickly moving the adapter to another PC will not work, as well as easily moving it to improve reception quality.

Wi Fi Card Bus adapters

The rarest type of adapter that has practically ceased to be produced. To install it, you need a special connector. The advantages include compact dimensions and very easy setup, to the disadvantages (along with low prevalence) low power. Most often, such models are used in laptops - for example, when the main adapter fails.

Wi-Fi adapter D-Link DWA 525

The available internal model for connecting a PC to a network is DWA 525 from the company. To connect with Wi-Fi router can use 802.11 b / g / n protocols, which gives a maximum speed of 150 Mbps. In most cases, this is sufficient for reliable operation in the apartment. The model supports WEP / WPA / WPA2 encryption. To install, you need a free PCI Express or PCI slot - both versions are available, so you need to clarify which model you are purchasing.

The antenna can be removed from the adapter. The manufacturer guarantees the operation of the device in OS from Windows XP to version 8 inclusive.

WiFi adapter ASUS PCI N10

Another internal adapter. In terms of characteristics, it is similar to the previous model: installation in a PCI port, transmission speed up to the same 150 Mbit / s thanks to an external antenna and the ability to work within 802.11n. To quickly set up a connection, you can use WPS, and the connection will be automatically carried out via an encrypted channel. An additional plus - the adapter can work as an access point.

Wi Fi adapter for stationary computer PC

If the signal is weak, then the laptop can be moved closer to the access point. With a stationary computer, this trick will not work. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately select the model, taking into account the conditions at the place of installation. So, in an apartment with a complex layout or thick walls, a more powerful option may be required. But you can not limit yourself to the range of only external models or modify the existing one if the antenna cannot cope with the reception.

How to choose a Wi Fi adapter

If you've already chosen between an internal and external installation option, it's time to take a closer look at technical characteristics devices. Pay attention to the following key points when choosing a Wi Fi adapter for your PC:

• compatibility with existing devices (first of all, an access point - a router);
• support for standards because it determines the transmission speed;
• used frequency;
• transmitter power in the adapter;
• the ability to encrypt the connection;
• range of the receiver.

Do not limit yourself only to the speed written on the package. This is the theoretical maximum limit for this model. The above factors also affect the real speed.

Also pay attention to the future place of work. If system unit hidden in the depths of a massive table, it would be logical to try to take out the antenna using an extension cord higher.

Sometimes it is recommended to use an adapter from the same company that released your router. There is a bit of common sense in this: the manufacturer can test the equipment for stability of collaboration, and the software interface is likely to be similar. In practice, popular models are quite successfully connected to routers from other manufacturers. Difficulties due to different manufacturers are extremely rare, usually with old equipment.

Compatibility

First of all, check if the computer has a corresponding free port. A PCI Express adapter cannot be put into a USB connector, as well as into a regular PCI, and a model with an Ethernet connection cannot be put into a Card Bus slot. As for the operating system, everything is simpler here: popular models support the Windows and Mac OS lines at a decent level. Full list is given on the packaging or in the accompanying documentation.

If you need to connect a specific device (for example, on an old Windows versions or a rare OS), first make sure that the appropriate drivers are available on the manufacturer's website or on the supplied disk.

Standard

Support for a particular communication standard determines the possible high-speed communication modes between the adapter and the router. For high speed operation, support for modern 802.11n or 802.11ac is required. If you use a device that supports only g or even b standards, then the connection speed will be very, very limited - it makes sense to do this only if the router does not support faster options.

If you connect with a slow adapter, then the router will automatically go into reduced performance mode. In this case, all other connected devices will also be forced to work at a lower speed.

The minimum reasonable requirement is support for version n of the standard. It provides speeds of 150 or 300 Mbps, depending on the model. This will be enough both for comfortable surfing on the net and for watching video content without long waiting times.

The 802.11ac standard features 5 GHz support and is gaining popularity over time. It provides data transfer at speeds up to 10 Gbps. However, this speed may not be useful in home equipment. Unless you want to choose an adapter with an eye on the future or for professional purposes such as participating in online gaming tournaments or regularly working with large amounts of data.

Frequency

Wireless equipment uses two different frequencies. Older or cheaper models usually only use the 2.4 band, newer and more expensive ones can operate in both bands or exclusively on 5 GHz. Therefore, you need to make sure that the adapter and router can "make friends" and use the same frequency for communication.

Dignity increased frequency- increased speed of data transfer between devices. In addition, more channels can be accommodated in this range without overlapping. That is, individual access points, even when located close, will not interfere with each other transmitting data. And since such devices are more expensive, the radio air in this range is less busy, which has a positive effect on the stability and speed of the connection.

However, this approach also has a drawback: the high-frequency signal penetrates worse through walls and other obstacles. Because of this, the radius of confident reception, other things being equal, may be smaller. If possible, it is recommended that you check both connection options and choose the best one for your particular computer.

Transmitting module power

The transmitter power of the Wi Fi adapter for the computer determines the range over which the radio signal will propagate. The higher it is, the more confident communication with the router will be. This means that the data speed will be higher. On the other hand, legislation limits the maximum capacity.

If there are obstacles between the computer and the router, it is better to focus on values ​​of the order of 20 dBm. In line-of-sight conditions (for example, if the access point is in the same room), less powerful models can be used.

Access encryption

Wireless connection, due to the use of radio waves, has a significant drawback: if you have equipment and are near the transmitter, anyone can receive the signal. That is, the data is actually being transferred in an insecure environment. So you need to take care of encryption of access so that no outsider can connect to the channel and view what is being broadcast on the air.

The modern WPA2 standard is a whole set of technologies aimed at protecting data. An enhanced version of the WPA3 standard has just been announced. But it is better to abandon the outdated WEP right away, since hacking technologies have already been developed for it.

Range of action

An important parameter is the range of signal reception. After all, Wi-Fi is of little use if you have to spend all the time near the access point. The more powerful the transmitter than better antenna, the greater the distance you can confidently maintain radio communication. However, it should be borne in mind that the manufacturer indicates this parameter for ideal conditions with numerous reservations. The fact is that the distance is affected by the presence and material of the walls between the router and the adapter, the degree of radio noise (the number of routers or other radio equipment nearby), the frequency range used, etc.

Other parameters

Note the support for MIMO technology. Despite the ridiculous abbreviation, it allows you to improve the signal: instead of using one, you can use several antennas, both from the side of the router and on the adapter. In the standard version n, 4 pieces are allowed, and ac - at once 8. Since in this case they all work in parallel, the speed is multiplied. It also has a positive effect on the stability of the connection. True, such adapters are somewhat more expensive.

If you also need to share Wi-Fi to nearby devices, check for SoftAP support - this mode allows you to use the adapter as an additional signal transmitter. Then you can install one powerful module in your PC, and connect your smartphone or tablet to it.

If the adapter is purchased to communicate directly between devices, ensure that the appropriate technology is supported. For example, it can be Wi-Fi Direct or Miracast. Otherwise, the adapter will not be useful.

Configuring and connecting a Wi Fi adapter

Next, we will analyze how to configure the purchased adapter. First, it must be connected to the appropriate connector. To connect via PCI or PCI Express, you need to open the system unit. Then you need to carefully, without undue pressure, put the adapter into the slot and make sure that it is fixed there. If the module has external antenna, it is necessary to remove the plug from the back wall and replace it with the strip that comes with the adapter. With external models, everything is much simpler: you just need to connect it to a free USB.

Popular models are well recognized by modern operating systems. OS can install everything by itself required drivers and activate the new device. In this case additional customization may not be required - the computer will simply be able to connect to wireless networks using standard methods.

If the system did not cope with the installation in automatic mode, you need to help her. Drivers can be found on the disc (if it was included with the device) or the manufacturer's website. To activate additional functions, such as distributing Wi-Fi from a computer or tweaking transmission parameters, a special proprietary utility may be required.

First steps

After installing the software, check the connection. If the drivers are installed correctly, then the computer will be able to connect to your router. Provide the correct access point name and password. If necessary, set up interaction with the router - select the desired frequency range and the required standard, optimize communication using proprietary utilities.

Network problems

Sometimes after installation, the network is unstable. The reasons may be different: incorrect configuration of the router or the computer itself, problems with software or even a malfunction of the adapter. This is manifested in the fact that the connection is interrupted some time after connecting or the computer does not see Wi-Fi.

The reason why this is happening may be trivial: an activated power saving mode for the adapter. This is often found on laptops, the OS optimizes power consumption by turning off all "unnecessary". To check, you need to open the settings in the properties of the wireless connection. Then, on the power management tab, you need to uncheck the box that allows you to turn off the device.

Router problems

You also need to check if other devices can connect to the router. For example, using a smartphone or tablet. If the other device successfully establishes a connection and maintains it stably, then the router itself is working correctly. Also try restarting your router.

Otherwise, you need to check the configuration of the access point: whether a compatible standard is used, whether the same radio channel is selected (if disabled automatic setting), whether the correct password is specified. As a last resort, you can reset the router to factory settings and then configure it again, checking each step.

It is also possible that a router firmware update is required. In this case, you will need to download it from the manufacturer's website and then update it through the router's control panel. Detailed instructions for specific model usually indicated in the user manual.

If all the above measures do not help, make sure that the device is working properly. For example, contact service center manufacturer.

Software

Also, the problem may lie in an outdated wireless profile - if the settings of the router have changed, and operating system about this "does not know." Then you need to delete the profile, after which it will be recreated. First, start the command line (CMD), then run the following command, specifying the profile name instead:

netsh wlan delete profile name =

After that, you will need to re-enter the password when connecting to the router.

If you see a message that the connection is restricted, you can set the TCP / IP settings to their default values. For this in command line the following technique is used:

netsh int ip reset c: \ resetlog.txt

After rebooting, check the connection.

If this does not help, check that the driver was installed correctly. In the OS control panel, select Device Manager, then in the list network adapters check your. Open its settings and try reinstalling the driver (uninstall and reinstall). Use drivers from the official site. You can also try to install more old version driver (with a lower index).

Adapter malfunction

When the listed measures do not help, or the adapter is not even detected by the system, it may be the case in the device itself. For reliability, you can try installing it on another computer. If it works there, you need to check the settings of your computer. If the adapter refuses to function on another machine, it must be replaced (if the warranty is still valid) or repaired.

Fast Internet for you!

In order not to be mistaken and not to waste money, when choosing an adapter, several features must be taken into account. They relate to the parameters and characteristics of the Wi-Fi module, as well as its compatibility with certain brands of TVs. The correct adapter can provide a comfortable and unimpeded user access to the Internet.

What it is?

After purchasing TVs that support the Smart TV function, users usually have a question about how to connect the device to the Internet via Wi-Fi. For this, the TV itself must be equipped with a special module. If this is not available, then an external Wi-Fi receiver can be connected to the device.

To do this, you need to purchase the module separately and connect to a wireless network. Externally, the adapter resembles a simple flash drive. In this case, you can connect it to the TV via the USB connector.

Also, keep in mind that not every device will fit the same adapter. It depends on which drivers are installed on the TV. Thus, users have a question, which module should be purchased?

Today the most popular receivers are:

Choosing a Wi-Fi module

Before buying an external network receiver, you must study in detail the instructions that come with the TV.

Since most of the TVs from such well-known manufacturers as:

1. Sony;
2. Toshiba;
3. Samsung;
4. Philips;

do not work with regular wireless devices that are designed for computers.

Adapters of the same brand are produced especially for such TVs. So for Toshiba, you should buy a Toshiba Wi-Fi receiver.

In addition, in order to ultimately get the best network bandwidth, it is necessary to take into account several important parameters and basic characteristics that adapters have.

Video: NETGEAR WNCE2001 Universal Adapter

Device parameters

It is worth highlighting several parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing an adapter.

As a rule, these are:

1. device compatibility;
2. signal standard;
3. operating frequency;
4. transmitter power;
5. radius of action;
6. encryption methods.

Compatibility

Before buying an adapter, you need to find out if it is compatible with certain brands of TVs, as well as take into account their modifications.

You can check compatibility in the description for external module... Often in the specifications there is information about which TVs this receiver is intended for. If only the brand of the manufacturer is indicated, then this means that the module can be connected to any TV of this company, which is initially endowed with the ability to work with wireless networks.

Photo: Wifi adapter Samsung WIS09ABGN

In addition, you can examine the documents that come with the TV. Perhaps they have information about which receivers the manufacturers recommend to use with a particular brand of TV. Also, these data can be found on the official manufacturer's portal.

Signal standard

Before the purchase wireless adapter Wi-Fi for TV must take into account the standard that is supported by this device.

Today, there are several common Wi-Fi standards, namely:

The speed at which data is transferred usually depends on the standard that is used.

For each of them there is:

1. maximum throughput, it is also theoretical, is measured in Mbps;
2. real bandwidth is also Mbps.

Consider the bandwidth values ​​for each individual standard. So:

• 802.11a - max up to 54, real up to 2;
• 802.11b - max up to 11, real up to 3;
• 802.11g - max up to 54, real up to 24;
• 802.11n - max up to 150, real up to 50;
• 802.11n - max up to 300, real up to 150.

Thus, it can be seen that the actual throughput of the receiver is much less than the maximum.

The difference between the highest throughput and the real one is due to various interference that hinders the signal propagation.

It can be:

• walls;
• furniture;
• indoor flowers;
• other signals.

Only under ideal conditions of use of the device can the highest speed values ​​be obtained.

It is necessary to choose a standard depending on what parameters the router is operating on.... If the router supports 802.11n 150 Mbps, then it is advisable to buy the module of exactly the same standard. If the adapter has a speed of 54 Mbps and the 802.11g standard, then the device's bandwidth will be limited by the characteristics of the wireless network receiver.

Working frequency

Another important factor that you should pay attention to is the frequency of the device. Therefore, when choosing an external wireless network receiver, you must take into account the frequency at which it operates. Typically, they support 2.5 GHz to 5 GHz.

Photo: adapter wireless operating frequency 2.4 GHz

In addition, for everyone Wi-Fi standard has its own frequency range, namely:

• 802.11a - 5 GHz;
• 802.11b - 2.4 GHz;
• 802.11g - 2.4 GHz;
• 802.11n - 2.4 / 5 GHz.

It should also be noted that a router and wireless receiver that operate at different frequencies will not function in the bundle. Therefore, if the frequency of 5 GHz is indicated in the settings of the router, and the module for the TV has only 2.4 GHz, then they will not be able to work together.

Transmitter power

This parameter determines the value of the transmitter power of the Wi-Fi module intended for the TV. This figure is measured in dBm. It is recommended to purchase receivers that have a power in the range of 17-20 dBm. Thus, wireless connection will work efficiently and stably without interruption.

Radius of action

When choosing a device for receiving an Internet signal, you should also pay attention to its operating range. The radius of action is measured in meters.

As a rule, several values ​​are indicated in the description of the characteristics of the module:

In order to choose an adapter with an acceptable range, it is necessary to consider:

• placement of the TV;
• placement of the router.

The further the TV is from the router, the worse the Internet signal strength will become. If all devices are located in the permissible zone, which is indicated in the characteristics, but there are many different obstacles between them, the signal will also not be the best.

Encryption methods

This characteristic concerns:

• hacking resistance;
• encryption algorithm.

Do not buy WEP modules. Since today it is outdated and unreliable. Therefore, it is worth giving preference to newer ones.

Universal Wi-Fi adapter for TV

Often users are interested in information about whether it is necessary to buy branded adapters? After all, there are many analogues that are much cheaper. In addition, manufacturers promise that they will be able to work with any TV. On the one hand, purchasing them is quite economical, but at the same time, you can face a number of problems.

Universal external adapters can lead to inoperability of the Wi-Fi module directly bundled with the TV. Therefore, manufacturers are interested in customers buying devices for their manufacture. Thus, such savings only lead to unnecessary costs.

There are times when non-original adapters work fine with specific TVs, but only up to a certain point. After updates in the firmware devices, the modules stop functioning. In order not to face such problems, it is necessary to choose only Wi-Fi adapters compatible with TVs.

Thus, we found out what rules should be followed and what parameters you need to pay attention to in order to choose the right Wi-Fi receiver that will work perfectly with your TV set.

It is worth remembering that this device must be of high quality and original. Since universal modules differ only in a favorable price category, but in unreliable operation. Therefore, savings may not always be economical.

In this article, I promised to tell you about one interesting scheme that can be used to connect a TV to the Internet via a wireless network.

I will quickly tell you what the essence of this method is and in what cases it can be used. Well, then, let's start setting up.

This method is useful when your TV does not have a built-in Wi-Fi receiver, in which case, the TV can only be connected via a network cable. But, you don't want to pull the cable from the router, or it just doesn't work.

Yes, you can buy this very branded external Wi-Fi receiver. But it costs twice as much as a simple router. But I'm still inclined to believe that you will use this method in the case when you already have a router that just stands idle.

Or for example, your signal Wi-Fi networks does not catch in the place where the TV is. Yes, in this case, you can also buy Wifi repeater which will strengthen the signal of your wireless network. But a regular router can also be configured as a repeater.

What will we do?

We'll take the router (which, for example, is gathering dust somewhere in your locker), install it somewhere near the TV, and set it up in repeater mode. Then, from this router, connect network cable to the TV. That's the whole scheme.

Now a little more detail.

So, we take our router and install it near the TV. I have it TP-Link TL-MR3220, he has been standing idle for a long time. It is not necessary to install it near the TV itself, for example, you can even somewhere on the floor, behind the bedside table.

We plug the router into an outlet (you don't have to connect to the TV yet)... The main thing is to configure the router in repeater mode. We need it to take the Internet from your main router and transmit it to the TV. We configure everything according to this instruction -.

And only after this router (which we put near the TV) will distribute the Internet, go to the second step. To test, just connect your laptop or phone. If the Internet works, then you can connect the TV. If, nevertheless, you failed to configure the bridge mode, then you need to remember that not all routers can work in this mode with each other. (I'm now about device incompatibility)... It's good when both devices are from the same company, then there are more chances to make them friends.

If you succeed, then.

by the author: admin

Transferring firmware, updates and other data by means of a soldering iron and wires is not the best solution for Arduino. However, microcontrollers for arduino wi-fi are not cheap, and there is not always a need for them, which is why users prefer not to use them in their projects unnecessarily.

But another Chinese product has taken over the market, the esp8266 wi-fi jammer can be connected with your own hands to an Arduino board or other system, and you will get a stable connection with a number of other advantages. So let's deal with arduino uno wi-fi, and is it worth buying this module, as well as what is a similar microcontroller for wi-fi arduino.

Now most of the arduino users no longer worry about the price of such devices, although 3 years ago the arduino wi-fi module was considered a luxury. All this is thanks to the esp8266 wi-fi jammer, whose manufacturers have introduced a completely new product to the market, striking in its functionality and, at the same time, being quite cheap, which has made a significant contribution and created competition in this direction.

Thus, arduino wi-fi esp8266 is now considered the most affordable module on the market, like all of its brothers. So, the price on foreign sites starts at $ 2, which allows you to buy these modules in batches and not reflash them a thousand times, re-soldering the contacts in order to keep working.

At first, this arduino wi-fi module was used mainly as an arduino wi-fi shield, since it was the cheapest option and was in no way inferior to the original. The device is really almost legendary, because there are no significant disadvantages for its cost. There are many libraries, including custom ones, and also supports operation via Serial buses and the simplest AT and AT + commands. Thanks to this, no semantics of the notorious C99, as is often the case with other third-party microcontrollers, does not need to be studied.

Accordingly, even a beginner will figure it out in seconds, and a professional will be able to use the already prepared libraries. Other advantages include:

1. The processor is 160 MHz, but it is 32-bit, which leaves a certain imprint on the performance. But it is worth remembering that the module is still used in conjunction with Arduino boards, which by themselves cut high frequencies and eat up most of the resources for some unknown reason.
2. The manufacturer who released the esp8266 wi-fi module did not finish interesting projects on this, and now there is a whole line of microcontrollers of proven quality.
3. Modern network security standards. Of course, WPA and WPA2 are no longer as secure as we would like, but their presence cannot but rejoice in such a cheap controller.
4. 16 output ports, including a 10-bit one, allowing you to experiment with the board.

More importantly, from the box is waiting for you permanent memory up to 4 megabytes, depending on the type of board, and this greatly simplifies the work with large libraries and even some media files. Indeed, on most arduino boards, 1 megabyte is considered an unaffordable luxury.

The characteristics of esp8266 wi-fi are certainly pleasing, especially in comparison with its more expensive competitors, but a user who had no previous experience with these boards will have a question about how to connect it. The fact is that the module has many more pins than beginners are used to seeing, and, accordingly, they start to panic. However, if you look at the situation, then in reality there is nothing complicated about it. It is enough to stock up on solder and a soldering iron and just read the instructions.

How to connect Wi-Fi module to Arduino

Let's take a look at the esp8266 esp 12e connection and what the esp8266 wi-fi uart bridge is. After all, it is the connection and configuration of the module that raise the most questions.

First of all, decide which version of the microcontroller you have on hand. In the first, LEDs are built in near the pins, and in the second, which has recently been produced, the signal lights are located near the antenna.

Before connecting, it is worth downloading the latest firmware, which allows you to increase the packet exchange rate up to 9600 units of information per second. And we will check the connection through the usb-ttl cable and the corresponding terminal from CoolTerm.

The pins for connecting the above cable are standard, but the power goes through a 3.3 volt pin from the Arduino. It is important to remember that the maximum current supplied by the board cannot be set above 150 mA, and the esp8266 esp 07 and esp8266 witty cloud wi-fi module for arduino require 240 mA.

However, if there is no other power source, you can use the standard version from Arduino, but the power of the board will suffer. Although, with a not strong load, 70 mA is enough, be prepared for sudden reboots of the microcontroller at peak load moments and write the software accordingly so that it filters and breaks files without overloading the board.

Another connection option is below. Important - the RX-TX pins are connected with a cross. Since the signal levels of the ESP8266 are 3.3V and the Arduino is 5V, we need to use a resistive voltage divider to convert the signal level.

Registering the Wi-Fi module in the Arduino

As you know, with due experience, you can pair the esp8266 ex 12e shield with a smartphone, but for beginners, registering esp8266 esp 12 in the Arduino system causes difficulties. In fact, it is enough to connect the module and check its performance by throwing off several standard AT commands through the debug menu.

For example, you can add blinking with a standard LED (for the connection diagram above):

As soon as the board confirms that it sees the microcontroller in the system, you can start full-fledged work with it. However, it is worth noting that if the arduino board itself is used in the project only to connect this controller, this is irrational.

A USB-UART converter is enough, since esp8266 does not use the "brains" of an arduino, and its flash memory will be enough for it to store a couple of basic libraries and firmware. Accordingly, there is no point in spending extra money on an auxiliary board if you can simply solder it to the converter and further use it in the project. At the same time, by connecting an auxiliary power source and not worrying that data will stop being transmitted at the most crucial moment due to a lack of system power.

Important note! For the last circuit, the sketch is loaded into the Arduino as usual, but since the ESP8266 module is connected to pins 0 and 1, programming becomes impossible. The compiler will show an error. Disconnect the wires going to the ESP8266 from pins 0 and 1, perform programming, and then put the pins back in place and press the reset button in the Arduino.