Excel spreadsheet who created it. History of creation. File formats that are not supported in Excel

Microsoft Excel is a program for performing calculations and managing so-called spreadsheets.

Excel allows you to perform complex calculations that can use data located in different areas of the spreadsheet and linked together by a certain dependency. To perform such calculations in Excel, it is possible to enter various formulas into table cells. Excel performs the calculation and displays the result in the formula cell. The available formulas range from simple addition and subtraction to financial and statistical calculations.

An important feature of using a spreadsheet is the automatic recalculation of results when cell values ​​change. For example, you can use Excel to perform financial calculations, record and control the organization's personnel, etc. Excel can also build and update graphs based on entered numbers.

The file that Excel works with is called a book . A book, as a rule, consists of several worksheets, which may contain tables, texts, diagrams, and drawings.

The book is a good organizational tool. For example, you can collect all documents in one book ( worksheets), related to a specific project (task), or all documents maintained by one executor. The base of the worksheet (Fig. 1) is a grid of rows and columns. Cell formed by the intersection of a row and a column. The cell(s) selected by the mouse is called active (in Fig. 1, the active cell is highlighted with a frame).

A row in a worksheet is identified by a name (number) that appears on the left side of the worksheet.

A column in a worksheet is also identified by a name (letters of the Latin alphabet) that appears at the top of the worksheet.

An Excel worksheet can contain up to 65,536 rows and 256 columns. A cell - the main element of a table - has its own unique address, consisting of a column and row number, for example E4 .

Each cell contains one piece of information, be it a numeric value, text, or a formula.

When you open a previously created file, a workbook with the entered data appears in the Excel window.

Workbook in Excel, it is a file in which data is stored and analyzed. A workbook file consists of several worksheets that can contain tables, text, charts, or pictures. Each worksheet is identified by a name that appears on the worksheet label.

Let's look at specific elements of the Excel window (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Excel window

Status bar contains information about the active document, the selected menu command, and keyboard mode indicators. In it, the user receives messages on how to complete the started command and view the intermediate results of some calculations.

Formula bar shows the formula (if present in the cell) or data contained in the active cell. You can enter and edit text, numbers, and formulas in the formula bar.

IN active cell You can enter and edit data directly in a cell or in the formula bar.

Scroll buttons The windows at the bottom left are used to view sheet shortcuts and to move between sheets in a workbook containing a large number of sheets.

You can save the Excel file in a different format by clicking file _Gt_ Save as. File formats available in the dialog box Save as" depend on what type of sheet is active (sheet, chart sheet, or other sheet type).

Note: When you save a file in a different format, some formatting, data, and functionality may be lost.

To open a file created in a different format or in a more early version Excel, or in another program, click the button file _gt_ Open. When you open an Excel 97-2003 workbook, it automatically opens in compatibility mode. To take advantage of the new features in Excel 2010, you can save your workbook in the Excel 2010 file format. However, you can also continue to work in compatibility mode, which preserves the original file format for backward compatibility.

Excel File Formats

Text file formats

Note: If you save the workbook in any text format, all formatting will be lost.

Other file formats

File formats that use the clipboard

You can paste data from the Microsoft Office clipboard into Excel using the " command Insert" or "Special Insert" (tab " home", Group " clipboard", button " Insert") if the Office clipboard data is in one of the following formats.

File formats that are not supported in Excel

The following file formats are no longer supported in Excel 2016, Excel 2013, Excel 2010, Excel Starter, and Excel 2007. You cannot open or save files in these file formats.

File formats that are not supported in Excel Starter

Additionally, the following file formats are no longer supported in Excel Starter. You cannot open or save files in these file formats.

Opening and viewing files in unsupported formats

If the file format you want to use is not supported in Excel, you can try the following:

Search the Internet for file formats that are not supported in Excel using file format converters.

Save a file in a format supported by another program and export it to a format supported by Excel.

additional information

You can always ask a question to an Excel Tech Community specialist, ask for help in the Answers community, and also suggest new feature or improvement on the website

Spreadsheet is not an easy thing, although we take the existence of such applications for granted. In those days when such programs did not exist, people used cumbersome computing machines or calculators, working for hours on tasks that today only take a few minutes to complete.

First there was VisiCalc

Briefly about the main versions of Excel for Windows.

The original version of Excel for Windows, Excel 2, appeared in late 1987. This version of the program was called Excel 2 because the first version was developed for the Macintosh. At that Windows time was not yet widespread. Therefore, Excel came with a Windows operating version - operating system, which had functions sufficient to work in Excel. By today's standards, this version of Excel seems underdeveloped.

In 1990, Microsoft released Excel 3 for Windows. This version had more advanced tools and appearance. Excel 3 introduced panels
tools, drawing tools, workbook outline mode, add-ins, 3D diagrams, collaborative document editing, and much more.

Excel 4 was released in the spring of 1992. The appearance of this version of the program had a significant impact on the growth of the popularity of Windows. Excel 4 had many new features. In addition, this version was much more convenient to use, and now novice users could quickly master a program unfamiliar to them.

Excel 5 hit the market in early 1994. This version introduced a huge number of new features, including multi-sheet workbooks and a new macro language, Visual Basic for Application (VBA). Like its predecessor, Excel 5 received best reviews in all industry publications.

Excel 95

Excel 95 (also known as Excel 7) was released in the summer of 1995. Externally, this version resembled the previous one (Excel 95 added only a few new features). However, the introduction of this version was still significant because Excel 95 introduced the more modern 32-bit code for the first time. Excel 95 and Excel 5 use the same file format.

Excel 97

Excel 97 (also known as Excel 8) is a significant improvement over previous versions. Changed appearance toolbars and menus, the help system is now organized at a qualitatively new level, the number of workbook lines has been increased fourfold. The Excel (VBA) programming environment has been significantly improved. In addition, the VBA help for the Russian locale was in Russian. Excel 97 introduced a new file format, and also increased the worksheet to 65,536 rows and 256 columns.

Excel 2000

Excel 2000 (also known as Excel 9) was released in June 1999. This version was characterized by a slight expansion of capabilities. Equally important
advantage new version became an opportunity using HTML as a universal file format. Excel 2000, of course, also supported a standard binary file format compatible with Excel 97.

Excel 2002

- this is actually Excel 10. You, of course, think that this is the tenth version of the program. Think carefully. Microsoft is a very successful company, but they have
There have always been problems with numbering software products. In fact, Excel 2002 is the eighth version of Excel for Windows.

This version of Excel 2002 was released in June 2001. It is part of the Microsoft Office XP suite. This version includes several new features aimed primarily at beginner Excel users. The main innovation of Excel 2002 is the ability to save your work in the event of an abnormal termination of the program and restore files from a damaged workbook that you were once working on. This version of Excel also introduces background formula checking, as well as new debugging tools. Many of these Excel versions had several issues. For example, Microsoft has created two service packs for Excel 97 (SR-1 and SR-2). These releases helped solve many problems that arose during the operation of the application in question.

Excel 2003

11th version.

The most popular version of the program. The best combinations functionality and interface. It's no surprise that many people still use it today.

Excel 2007

Version 12.

This version went on sale in July 2006. The release was radically different from the Excel interface we were already familiar with. A Ribbon and a quick access panel appeared. In addition, Excel functionality has been expanded with several new functions, such as SUMIFS(). The developers' decision to increase the worksheet to 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns, as well as the use of new (four-letter) file extension notations, was also revolutionary.

Excel 2010

Superstitious MS executives decided not to assign the 13th number to the next version, but immediately jumped to the 14th. In October 2009, free distribution of beta versions of the next release began. Interesting innovations include Sparkliness (micrographs in a cell), Slies (pivot table slices) and the PowerPivot add-in for working with 100,000,000 rows.

Excel 2013

Version 15.

The test version of the program was presented on July 16, 2012. The ribbon and quick access panel have been designed completely new (Metro interface). In addition, Excel functionality has been expanded with several new functions, such as FORMULA(), F.TEXT() and SHEET().

INTRODUCTION

Microsoft Excel Basics

In any structure there is a minimum unit of information. For example, the whole world is made of atoms. The minimum unit of information in Excel is a cell. There are individual letters inside the cell. But logic Excel work relies on this basic concept - the cell. The cells are collected into sheets. An Excel sheet is a collection of cells. A book is a set of sheets. In our concept, a “book” is a file. And in the Excel concept, a “workbook” is a file. One file is one book. A workspace is a set of files or books. For ease of use, several workbooks with related workspaces can be combined into work area and we will have the feeling of one file.

Selecting one cell is simple, click on it with the mouse and it is selected. A black square will appear around the cell. But you can also select several cells at once. They are distinguished using left button mouse and two keys on the keyboard.

The first way is to select using the Shift key. Select the upper left cell of the required range, you need to press the Shift key and do not release its lower right corner of the range. After which both the mouse button and the key must be released. Please note that if you select several ranges, the previous selection is removed.

The second way is to use the Ctrl key. It allows you to highlight complex ranges. It's easy to use. Select the first cell, press Ctrl and, without releasing it, select other cells anywhere in the table.

You can also select an entire row or column by clicking on its heading.

Excel Features

Excel is a software product with rich capabilities. which can be used on many levels. You probably won't need all of this program's features, but it's a good idea to at least have an idea of ​​what they allow you to do. This is necessary, say, so that you don’t get caught up in looking for another software product, do not know that Excel is capable of completing the task assigned to you.

Excel files, called books, can consist of an arbitrary number of individual sheets. These can be worksheets or diagram sheets. This opportunity makes it easier to organize your work. For example, you can save all tables located on different worksheets and belonging to the same project in a separate workbook.

In Excel, you can work with several files at the same time; however, it is not at all necessary to close one file if you need to look into another. This property is a multi-window interface. simplifies the process of exchanging information between tables in different workbooks. Excel allows you to open as many files as you need.

Excel has its own file format, indicated by the XLS extension in the file name. Excel can also read files created in other spreadsheet programs, such as Lotus 1-2-3 and Quanro Pro. You can also read text files, dBASE files and HTML documents.

It's worth noting that computer documentation is getting better and better. In the past, the user was happy if the manual that came with the software, all its capabilities were accurately described. Currently, printed documentation is being abandoned in favor of an electronic help system. This means that you can get any help on your computer screen while working in Excel. The Excel spreadsheet is well thought out and detailed.

1. The assistant monitors your actions and gives tips that can help you save time. You can review these tips at any time.

2. Provides reference information on specific issues with the program (for example, creating diagrams).

3. When entering an incorrect formula, in most cases it offers an option to correct it.

4. Offers an easy search method reference information on a specific topic. To do this, just enter a question, and the Assistant will offer a list of suitable topics. An assistant appears every time you need help.

Excel is probably the easiest spreadsheet program to use. Many of its features have been specially designed to allow both beginners and professional users to perform everyday tasks easily and quickly. When performing certain procedures, the program guides you step by step, basic commands Editing and formatting are simple and straightforward. For example, to change any formatting attribute of a cell or range, you only need to use one dialog box, and to open context menu, you need to click right click mouse on the corresponding element.

One of the advantages of Excel is the ability to work with lists located on the desktop. This feature allows you to easily sort, filter, summarize, and process worksheet data.

Using links

A reference uniquely identifies a cell or group of cells in a worksheet. Using links, you can use data in different places on the worksheet in a formula, as well as the value of the same cell in several formulas. You can also reference cells that are on other sheets in a workbook, in another workbook, or even to data in another application. Links to cells in other workbooks are called external links. Links to data in other applications are called remote links.

Distribution of formulas

In addition to copying and moving, you can extend a formula to part of a row or column. This changes the relative links. To distribute the formula, you must complete the following steps:

· Place the cursor in the cell with the formula.

· Move the mouse pointer to the fill marker. The pointer image changes to a black cross.

· Press the left mouse button and, while holding it down, move the cursor to the desired location. To complete the propagation of the formula, release the button.

It is important to note that Excel displays an error value in a cell when the formula for that cell cannot be calculated correctly. If a formula contains a reference to a cell that contains an error value, then the formula will also output the error value.

Working with the Function Wizard.

Function Wizard is a program that helps you quickly create or edit a formula using the so-called built-in functions of MS Excel. Built-in functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations based on given values, called arguments, and in the order specified. The structure of a function begins with the function name, then the arguments are specified in parentheses, separated by semicolons. The argument list can consist of numbers, text, booleans (such as TRUE or FALSE), arrays, error values ​​(such as #N/A), and references to individual cells or ranges. In addition, arguments can be either constants or formulas. These formulas, in turn, can contain other functions.

Since some formulas and their combinations are very common, then Excel program offers over 400 pre-programmed formulas called functions. All functions are divided into categories to make them easier to navigate. The built-in Function Wizard helps you apply functions correctly at all stages of work. It allows you to construct and calculate most functions in two steps. The program has an alphabetically organized full list all functions, in which you can easily find a function if you know its name; otherwise, you should search by category.

Many features vary very slightly, so when searching by category it is useful to use brief descriptions functions that the Function Wizard offers. A function operates on some data called its arguments. A function argument can occupy a single cell or be placed in an entire group of cells. The Function Wizard provides assistance in specifying any type of argument.

To call the Function Wizard, click the Insert Function button on the standard toolbar, execute the Insert/Function command, or use the keyboard shortcut. The Function Wizard dialog box will then appear, allowing you to select the desired function.

The Function Wizard dialog box (see Fig. 1) consists of two interconnected lists: Category and Function. When you select one of the elements of the Category list in the Function list, the corresponding list of functions appears. In Microsoft Excel, functions are divided into 12 categories. The 10 most recently used category is constantly updated. It resembles stack memory: a new called function, which has not yet been included in this list, will occupy the first line, thereby displacing the last function.

Fig.1. Function Wizard Dialog Box

When you select a function, a brief description of it appears at the bottom of the dialog box. By pressing the OK button or the key, you can call up the panel of the selected function.

In Russified Microsoft versions Excel names of most functions, excluding a small part (18) mathematical ones, are written in Russian, for example, =SUM(), =IF(), =PROBABILITY(), etc. A common mistake made by beginners is to enter in Russian not only the names of functions, but also the arguments.

Microsoft Excel

MS Excel has the ability graphical representation data in the form of a chart. Charts are linked to the data sheets from which they were created and change whenever the data in the worksheet changes.

Charts can use data from non-adjacent cells. The same charts can use PivotTable data.

Creating a Chart

One of the most impressive features of MS Excel is its ability to turn abstract rows and columns of numbers into attractive, informative graphs and charts. Excel supports 14 types of different standard two- and three-dimensional charts. When you create a new chart, Excel defaults to a histogram.

Charts are a convenient means of graphically presenting data. They allow you to evaluate the available quantities better than the most careful study of each cell of the worksheet. A chart can help you spot errors in your data.

In order to build a chart, you must have at least one data series. The data source for the chart is an Excel table.

1.5.2. Special terms used when constructing diagrams

The X-axis is called the category axis and the values ​​plotted on this axis are called categories.

The values ​​of the functions and histograms displayed in the chart make up the data series. A data series is a sequence of numeric values. Several data series can be used when constructing a chart. All rows must have the same dimension.

Legend – decoding of the designations of data series in the diagram.

The type of chart affects its structure and imposes certain requirements on the data series. Thus, to construct a pie chart, only one data series is always used.

Changing value labels

To change the labels of values ​​on the chart, you need to click once on the label to change to select the labels for the entire series, click again to select separate signature meanings.

Then you should enter the new text or value and press Enter. If you change the caption text directly on the diagram, the connection with the sheet cell will be lost.

CONCLUSION

The goal of creating a computer model of a body thrown at an angle to the horizontal in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets has been achieved.

All problems solved:

1. an analysis of the model of throwing a ball into a wall located at a known distance was carried out in order to identify the system parameters necessary to achieve the goal and the connections between them;

2. a process for constructing a computer model of a physical process in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets has been developed;

3. it became possible to carry out a more accurate assessment of the ball hitting a wall located at a known distance, and to analyze the trajectories of its movement for several throwing angles, plotted on one diagram.

Based on the results of the work, the relevance of using MicroSoft Excel spreadsheets for performing calculations of low and medium complexity was revealed. Due to the speed of development of tables - templates, simplicity and clarity of the interface, convenient printing, the availability of a wide range of tools for inserting filters, searching the table, the ability to protect a document from unauthorized deletion of data, the use of mathematical, physical, and logical formulas, the Excel program is best suited . According to the tests, the data processing speed satisfies the speed required for processing large volumes of information, and in a convenient, visually understandable form.

MicroSoft program Excel completely coped with solving the tasks of creating a table for calculating the movement of bodies.

Based on the work done, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Solving physical problems using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor is much easier and faster.

2. In spreadsheets, Microsoft Excel provides many options to the user.

3. Microsoft Excel spreadsheets have many various functions, simplifying the solution of any problems from various fields.

4. In Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, you can build graphs and diagrams, with the help of which you can clearly show the result of the solution.

5. The Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor is a convenient modeling tool.

LITERATURE

1. E.V. Bursian. Physics. 100 problems to solve on a computer. Tutorial. – St. Petersburg: Publishing House “MiM”, 1997.

2. Ugrinovich N.D. Research of information models. Elective course: tutorial– M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2006.

3. Ugrinovich N.D. Computer Science and information Technology: textbook for grades 10-11 - M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2002.

4. Pak N.I. Computer science. 2004.

5. Mogilev A.V. Informatics. M.: Publishing center "Academy". 2003.

6. Leontyev V.P. Latest encyclopedia personal computer. 2003.

7. Kushnerenko A.G. Fundamentals of computer science and computer technology. M.: Education. 1991.

8. Kushnerenko A.G. New information technologies. M.: Bustard. 2003.

9. Computer science. Encyclopedic dictionary for beginners. Ed.

10. Computer science. Practical problem book. T-2. edited by I. G. Semakina,

11. E. K. Henner. M., Binom. Laboratory of Knowledge, 2002

12. D. A. Pospelova. M., Pedagogy-Press 1994

13. http://www.alleng.ru/d/econ/econ271.htm

14. http://bourabai.kz/cm/index.htm

APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

With the advent of increasingly powerful computing resources, humanity is opening up opportunities to model complex processes associated with both human activity and natural phenomena. The use of a simulation program provides undeniable economic benefits for production, since thanks to the computing power modern computers simulation occurs much faster in time than real processes. In addition, using modern visualization software, it is possible to obtain a very visual representation of the results of modeling physical processes in the form of various diagrams and graphs.

The importance of computer science is largely manifested through the introduction of computer modeling in various scientific and applied fields: mathematics and physics, technology, biology and medicine, economics, management and many others. With the help of computer modeling, many scientific and industrial problems are solved. MS Excel is a flexible tool for computer modeling.

The capabilities of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets are very multifaceted. Everyone knows that Excel is a powerful computing tool that allows you to make simple and complex calculations in various fields of human activity: mathematics, physics, engineering, economics, technology.

Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (included in the Microsoft Office package) are a program designed primarily for economic calculations.

The choice of this program for teaching computer modeling is due to the following reasons:

Despite its economic focus, Excel is a very powerful program that includes more than 400 functions, including mathematical, statistical, engineering, logical, etc.

An intuitive “friendly” interface, detailed help in Russian and broad integration and unification with other Microsoft programs make mastering and using Excel light, convenient and pleasant. Thanks to this, in Excel you can do physics on a computer, rather than computer science using physics examples. Unlike complex professional mathematical and physics packages that require lengthy study, Excel can be mastered in one lesson and allows you to continue to study physics exclusively, without being distracted by studying the program itself.

In professional mathematical and physics packages, in order to do anything you need to know what command to enter or what button to press, but there is no need to understand exactly how the program models this process. Physical models are not specified in Excel - they must be specified yourself, so modeling physical processes requires a deep understanding of the physical and mathematical meaning of the formulas and models used. The opposite is also true: mastering computer modeling of physical processes in Excel leads to a deeper understanding of these processes, as well as the physical and mathematical meaning of the formulas and models used.

Purpose of the work: to create and study a model of a physical process in Microsoft Excel.

1. Select a list of references.

2. Explore the capabilities of the Excel spreadsheet processor.

3. Build physical model in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor.

Object of study: modeling of physical processes in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor.

Subject of study: computer model physical process created in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

CHAPTER 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF WORK IN ELECTRONIC TABLES

History of Excel spreadsheets

Created for working with spreadsheets special programs, called table processors. Initially, these programs could only process two-dimensional tables that included numeric data, but then products appeared that also had the ability to include text, graphics and other multimedia elements. The “arsenal” of spreadsheet processors includes powerful mathematical functions that allow complex statistical, financial and other calculations.

At the theoretical level, the concept of spreadsheets was developed by the American scientist Richard Mattessich. The corresponding publication was called Budgeting Models and System Simulation and was published back in 1961. Subsequently, this concept was developed and supplemented by Pardo and Landau, who even applied for a patent. And although this application was not initially granted, the authors of the invention defended the rights to their brainchild through the courts.

Based on the developed theory, the first table processor appeared in 1979. This was VisiCalc, created by Dan Bricklin together with Bob Frank - groan, and intended for the Apple platform. It is the appearance similar program largely determined the transformation of the computer from an expensive “toy” into an indispensable assistant to an accountant.

Subsequently, numerous spreadsheet processors appeared on the market, which include SuperCalc, Microsoft MultiPlan, Quattro Pro, Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel, OpenOffice.org Calc, AppleWorks, but the VisiCalc program was the first, and it all started with it.

The official appearance of Excel as part of the MS Office package was in 1991; this date marks the beginning of the Excel era.

Excel is a widely used computer program. It is needed to carry out calculations, compile tables and diagrams, and calculate simple and complex functions.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Similar documents

The idea of ​​creating a spreadsheet came from Harvard University student Dan Bricklin in 1979. Screenshot of VisiCalc - the first spreadsheet. Creation of Lotus 1-2-3 and Excel programs. Basic functions of modern table processors.

abstract, added 11/23/2016


The appearance of the first Windows versions, their graphical interfaces and extensions for DOS. Windows 3.x and Windows 9.x families, their features and main functions. The evolution of Plug and Play technology. The most significant improvements in modern versions of Windows.

abstract, added 06/13/2014


Drawing up a “Stores” report sheet in Excel 2013. Working with tables from the Microsoft Office family. Construction of pie charts and histograms, graphs. Development of procedures for tabulating functions. Programming user functions in VBA.

course work, added 04/03/2014


Review of built-in functions of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor, their features practical use. Creating tables and filling them with data, drawing graphs. Apply mathematical formulas to perform requests from application packages.

course work, added 04/25/2013


Purpose and components of formulas, rules for writing and copying them. Use of mathematical, statistical and logical functions, date and time functions in MS Excel. Types and recording of spreadsheet processor links, technology for entering and copying them.

presentation, added 12/12/2012


Opportunity Analysis text editor Word and Excel spreadsheets for solving economic problems. Description of general formulas, mathematical models and financial Excel functions, used to calculate the investment turnover rate. Analysis of results.

course work, added 11/21/2012


Formation and calculation of tables in the Excel spreadsheet processor. Table calculation using the "Function Wizard". Constructing charts based on tabular data. Working with the "Bookstore" database in Excel. Revenue from books of the same type.

test, added 09/26/2012


Development history and functions linear programming. Study of the conditions of typical tasks and capabilities of a table processor. Solving problems about diet, production plan, cutting materials and rational transportation of cargo in MS Excel.

course work, added 04/28/2014