Social news for today. Latest secular news about Russian stars

Singer Halsey (sometimes Halsey) began openly dating rapper G-Eazy, who had previously secretly dated Lana del Rey for several months. If rumors are to be believed, Lana ended her relationship with the rapper herself. The musician was not particularly worried and quickly switched to 22-year-old Halsey. Halsey recently posted several explicit photos on her Instagram. G-Eazy's real name is […]

The hero of the 5th season of the show “The Bachelor” on TNT, Ilya Glinnikov, through his representative, denies a brutal fight with his girlfriend Ekaterina Nikulina. The actor’s representative even stated that Glinnikov is now in Georgia and everything is fine with him. According to several media reports, Glinnikov was tired of his girlfriend’s constant sprees. After the show “The Bachelor,” the couple began to live together, but Katya Nikulina often […]

Former participant of “House-2” Rustam Solntsev (Kalganov) spoke about Alena Vodonaeva’s second wedding. Rustam expressed hope that Alexey Komov, better known as DJ Cosine, understands who he married. Solntsev called Vodonaeva “a child who spent a long time choosing, flitting between youngsters.” Indeed, many of Alena’s previous lovers were younger than her and were not ready for a serious relationship. […]

If rumors are to be believed, Gwen Stefani, at 47, is pregnant with her fourth child. According to the Radaronline portal, the singer repeatedly visited one of the reproductive medicine clinics in Los Angeles. Gwen already has three sons from her previous marriage, but her current boyfriend Blake Shelton has no children. Given Gwen’s age, pregnancy is only possible with the use of special technologies, […]

TV presenter Anfisa Chekhova apparently broke up with her husband, Guram Bablishvili. Fans noticed that she has not posted joint photos with her husband on Instagram for a long time, and the spouses also vacation separately. Anfisa Chekhova married Guram Bablishvili in 2015, but the relationship began much earlier; in 2012, the couple had a son, Solomon, more about her personal life […]

What remains of Russia's former leadership in the space industry? October 4 will mark the 60th anniversary of the legendary launch of the first artificial satellite, with which the USSR opened the space age to humanity. Today, American, Chinese, European and Indian spacecraft are actively gaining space in orbit. Ogonyok figured out what place Russia occupies in the Universe. Dots are shining on the electronic map of the world - these are university satellites that are now on low earth orbit. Most of them perform completely utilitarian tasks, for example, there is a pool of meteorological satellites, there are those that carry out remote sensing Earth. It is the latter group that predicts hurricanes like the one that recently swept over Miami. “Here are the American ones, here are ours,” Andrei Abrameshin, deputy director of the Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics (MIEM) and one of the developers of the flight control center based at the institute and the Higher School of Economics, points to the monitor. We are in the university mission control center - a standard auditorium with an online scoreboard and a model of the Universe. The spotlight imitates the Sun, around a huge globe - the Earth - an induction frame imitating the Earth's magnetic belt. Students have the opportunity to “visit” space a little and control the satellite. Photo: Vasily Dyachkov / Photo archive of the magazine / Vasily Dyachkov / Photo archive of the Ogonyok magazine “It’s not enough to create a satellite - it also needs to be able to control it, set the flight path, the desired position of one or another wing depending on the tasks facing it,” says Professor Abrameshin. “And we suddenly realized that we don’t train mission control center operators anywhere.” In fact, they are trained on the spot. And this is a profession that will definitely be in demand in the future, because the number of different spacecraft in orbit will only grow. In the center of the MCC there is a model of a cubesat - this is the name of a type of light spacecraft created on the basis of a nanosatellite (a device that weighs no more than 10 kg). Some time ago, such small satellites were considered an excellent model specifically for student development. But recently in Russia, on a variety of scientific conferences You can hear that the future of Russian cosmonautics lies with such kids. As a result, today the nanosatellite has come to symbolize both the progress and decline of the satellite field at the same time. Such a paradox. On the one hand, modern space technologies strive to make any device more and more miniature. The economy in space, as you know, is simple - 1 kg of cargo launched into orbit costs 20 thousand euros. Therefore, the entire space industry in Europe and the United States is now thinking about how to put one and a half tons, standard for an average satellite, into 300 kg, and in this niche many startups have emerged that are trying to create small spacecraft with the tasks of large ones. On the other hand, no one really manages to “shrink.” And the current reasoning that it is the “kids” who will lead the Russian space industry out of stagnation is profanity and throwing dust in the eyes. A “shoebox,” as experts like to call nanosatellites among themselves, cannot carry any serious load. And if it does, then its “filling” does not work well. If we are talking about full-fledged satellites, then Russia’s situation looks sad. Last year, the Russian satellite orbital constellation consisted of approximately 131 satellites - while some experts in a private conversation expressed confidence that in fact there were almost a third less of them, since information about the failure of devices was not advertised. For comparison, the United States has 593 satellites in orbit, and China has 192 - this is a lot, considering that the inhabitants of the Middle Kingdom began actively launching satellites into orbit only in 1999 after a large-scale reform of the space industry. “Our country, which launched the first satellite and the first man into space, today remains on the periphery of many space markets, including satellite construction,” says an expert in the field of space policy, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics. K.E. Tsiolkovsky Andrey Ionin.- But we must understand that the space industry as a whole is now in stagnation. And not only in our country. Sixty years ago, the launch of the first satellite was not only a scientific and technical achievement, but also a military and political one. Neither Stalin and Truman, nor later Khrushchev and Eisenhower ever financed space rocket programs for the sake of space exploration. They solved priority national problems, using astronautics and even the human thirst for space exploration as effective tools. Astronautics became a by-product of the creation of rocket weapons. The creation of such strategic weapons in the shortest possible time in both countries was considered not just a priority task, but a matter of life and death for the country. Therefore, the problem of space financing did not arise at all. It was only about timing. Then, fortunately for astronautics, it turned out that the successes of space exploration have enormous global weight, clearly proving the superiority of the socio-economic system. The issue of financing was also secondary. Thus, the world astronautics, relying on the competition of the two superpowers, lived another 20 “happy years” without thinking about money. Today there is no trace of this. Just as there is no answer to the question of why we need space today. There is no answer not only in Russia. Attempts to enter the same river twice, starting a new space race between the United States and China, have so far been unsuccessful. “Object D” It is interesting that modern nanosatellites are not much inferior in size to the space “pioneer” - Sputnik-1 - the world’s first artificial satellite, launched in 1957 from the fifth research site of the Ministry of Defense Tyura-Tam (it officially became the Baikonur Cosmodrome only after the flight of Yuri Gagarin). They have been working on the creation of the device since 1946, when Stalin signed a decree on the creation of a rocket science and industry in the USSR and appointed Sergei Korolev as the chief designer of long-range ballistic missiles. To launch the satellite into orbit, the V-2 rockets assembled in Germany, which were modified by Soviet designers, were used as a basis. Subsequently, on their basis, they created the famous R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile, which still launches ships into orbit. “Object D”, under this code the future Earth satellite appeared in the documents, was supposed to solve a lot of urgent problems: measure the ion composition of outer space and corpuscular radiation of the Sun, study magnetic fields and cosmic rays, record the thermal regime of the satellite, control its braking in the upper layers atmosphere, estimate the duration of existence in orbit, etc. But none of this was done. Due to a rush to meet deadlines, the launch of the scientific apparatus was cancelled. 1958 was declared the International Physical Year, and it was quite reasonable to assume that the United States was also preparing to launch its own artificial satellite. “We risk losing priority. “I propose that instead of the complex laboratory of Object D, we launch a simple satellite into space,” Korolev wrote. So, instead of serious scientific development, they actually put into orbit a “blank” - a ball with a radio transmitter. But even this sensation might not have happened: during startup, one of the engines reached the specified mode late. Another second - literally - and the circuit would have automatically reset the installation and canceled the start. Then, at the 16th second, another system failed, which led to increased kerosene consumption and, as a result, could turn off one of the engines a second before the control time. There were also many minor problems, and yet they did not interfere: October 4, 1957 became the day of our country’s greatest triumph. The race was won: the United States launched its first satellite, Explorer-1, six months later in February 1958, and the Chinese, who, however, were not talked about then, launched it only in April 1970. In the development of launch vehicles, we were surpassed not only by the United States, but also by India and China. The latter had developed eight (!) new carriers over the previous three years. In 1957, the USSR launched two more satellites - one was carrying a dog on board, the second already had almost all the systems that modern satellites have. The next Soviet near-Earth scientific satellites went into orbit only in 1962, because manned astronautics came first for the USSR. Some experts are confident that this was also a strategic mistake. Until now, historically, the lion's share of the space budget in Russia falls on manned programs, in contrast to the USA, China, India, Japan and Europe, which are actively developing satellite systems communications and navigation. Even now, every third Russian satellite is launched in the interests of the functioning of the ISS. China, for example, has more than once refused to participate in the work of the ISS, although it was offered this on very favorable terms. The Chinese are confident that over the past half century, almost all problems associated with human presence in near-Earth space have been solved. Next there may be either Mars or satellites, on which you can actually make money. According to the director of the Center space communications"Skolkovo" by Alexander Krylov, the peak of space activity in our country occurred in the period from 1970 to 1991. During these years, the USSR launched about a hundred spacecraft annually. Then, for obvious reasons, space activities Russia has declined sharply. But in the United States, the peak of launches occurred at the end of the 1990s, when they created low-orbit satellite communication systems (Iridium, Globalstar and Orbcomm), and today the Americans consistently launch about 70 satellites per year. And China, which appeared on the list of world space powers in the 70s of the 20th century, is experiencing the peak of space activity today: in the first decade of the 21st century, the Chinese launched 87 satellites into orbit, and all were successful. The reliability of launching an individual satellite in China over the past 10 years has been 100 percent - neither the United States nor Russia has achieved such a result in a decade. The sky in diamonds Today, 60 years after the triumph of Russian cosmonautics, the words of experts assessing the current state of affairs contain mournful intonations. - In terms of money earned in the satellite launch market, 2013 was the most powerful year for Russia. Since then, the situation has been getting worse,” a high-ranking source in the space industry commented to Ogonyok. “Today we can state that, firstly, we have lost our primacy in launches and will never return to the results we had four years ago.” During this time, 8 percent of all satellite launches failed for various reasons: equipment failure, loss of vehicles, or rocket accidents. Secondly, we are hopelessly behind in the development of launch vehicles - here we have been surpassed not only by the United States, but also by India and China. The latter has developed eight (!) new carriers over the previous three years (Russia has developed one in the last 30 years, and that was in 1986 - “O”). So we are losing on all fronts. Against this background, all the bravura talk about the need to saturate the market with micro- and nanosatellites is empty chatter. We can launch them, but what's the point? Back in 2009, the Angara family of modular launch vehicles were supposed to be put into operation to replace the outdated Progress and Soyuz. This has not happened so far; the replacement date is scheduled for 2018. But whether this will happen is still unknown. Initially space satellites stood guard over national security and defense capability. But today these tasks are receding into the background. The last geostationary Russian satellite, Kosmos-2479, part of the OKO-1 ballistic missile launch detection system, ceased to function back in 2014. In general, according to experts, due to the cosmic (pardon the pun) cost of orbit, dual-use satellites are now increasingly being built all over the world and creating precedents when commercial satellites, if necessary, can perform combat missions. According to Alexander Krylov, this is exactly the scheme that is actively used in the United States. An illustration of such cooperation was a famous incident during NATO's war with Yugoslavia, when during the fighting in the late 1990s, the commercial satellite operator Eutelsat turned off the broadcast of Yugoslav National Television via HotBird satellites. Exactly the same shutdowns of national television in Libya and Syria were carried out by satellite operators Eutelsat, Intelsat and Arabsat (which is backed by the states of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia). In October 2012, satellite operators Eutelsat, Intelsat and Arabsat stopped broadcasting all Iranian satellite channels following the decision of the European Commission within the framework of economic sanctions. Soviet system satellite navigation GLONASS, which began work on back in 1976, has not yet been developed into an optimal space constellation. And the Federal Space Program 2015 has not been implemented in almost all respects. For example, in the system of fixed space communications and television broadcasting there are 11 satellites instead of 13. None of the announced satellite communication systems (“Messenger”, “Luch” and “Arktika”), which have been developed in Russia for several decades, have been brought to fruition . Particularly indicative in this sense is the story of satellite communications“Messenger”, which was supposed to provide communications in remote territories of Russia. Tens of millions of rubles were spent on it until the theft of funds was discovered in 2013. Now Roscosmos has undertaken to revive the system, but the technologies used in these devices have become outdated. According to Alexander Krylov, out of 13 satellites launched into orbit, only one is currently operating in the system - Gonets-M N 2. The system is going through difficult times, the number of users has decreased in recent years to 70-80 subscriber terminals. “The main reason for the deplorable state of the domestic orbital group communication and broadcasting satellites is associated with the lack of a unified concept for creating a Russian space system communications and broadcasting,” the expert believes. “The existing methodology for building a satellite communications and broadcasting constellation was developed in the 70s of the last century, in the era of analogue broadcasting and low-power on-board repeaters, and is hopelessly outdated.” Things are no better with scientific satellites. For comparison, over the past 15 years, both Russia and China have launched about 15 spacecraft with scientific content. But the results of the launches vary dramatically. Only four Russian satellite, “Koronas-F”, “Foton-M” N 2, “Foton-M” N 3 and “Chibis”, completed their assigned period. The rest broke in the first weeks or months after launch. At the same time, five out of 11 satellites launched into space did not work in orbit for even a day. Others died due to launch vehicle accidents. The scientists themselves, who lose expensive equipment with every accident, see the cause of the industry’s problems in catastrophic budget cuts. - With fundamental scientific research“Now the situation is really not very good,” Oleg Korablev, deputy director of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, tells Ogonyok. “Last year there were already several budget cuts, and they will continue. The most uncertain period from this point of view is 2018-2019. Therefore, we ourselves do not yet know which projects will be launched when. It is clear that the highest priority is given to the ExoMars program, which Roscosmos is implementing together with the European Space Agency (ESA). This is very important because Russia has approximately 50 percent of the scientific load on this mission. Although the Schiaparelli lander failed, the bulk of the scientific equipment is on the TGO satellite. Now it is in the process of aerobraking, and its scientific orbit is being formed. In the spring of next year we will begin to receive data from it in full. The spacecraft includes two very worthy Russian instruments that will explore the atmosphere and surface of Mars. In 2020, the mission plans to deliver a roller and landing platform to the surface of Mars, which are aimed at searching for traces of extraterrestrial life. The fate of the remaining projects related to the launch of scientific satellites and devices to the Moon and Venus is unknown. Neither learn nor earn In addition to working satellites, there are tens of thousands of spacecraft parts and other debris in orbit that make up a halo around the Earth. Photo: ESA / NASA However, big science in space is losing ground not only in Russia. Around the world, space is increasingly seen as a service market. Everything related to space hardware - construction, launches and maintenance - is in a difficult situation; only service services are profitable. A market of its own has formed in low-Earth orbit, consisting of satellite services. It does not require either expensive technologies or highly qualified specialists, it does not give progress, but at the same time, using the developments of past years, it grows annually by an average of 5 percent (today the market satellite television is about 100 billion dollars a year, the market for navigators and chips in smartphones is about another 70 billion). It is expected that by 2025, about 1,400 more new satellites will be created and launched, and the space market will then exceed $1 trillion. Russia in this market occupies the place of a “space cab driver”, where the main function is the transportation of astronauts and aircraft into orbit. However, in the global market space technology and services, the share of our country today is no more than 2 percent, in the sphere of commercial services it is even less - 0.6 percent. All over the world, dual-use satellites are increasingly being built and precedents are being created when commercial satellites, if necessary, can carry out combat missions. It is difficult to get out of this protracted dive. And is it even possible if, for example, until recently we purchased most of the electronic components abroad, and then sanctions arrived? It would seem that the question is crafty, because our answer is import substitution. According to Professor Abrameshin, there is indeed progress here: our electronics industry has received an impetus for development, projects that were considered expensive and costly before the sanctions have been given new life, they began to develop them further. “We were forced to stop being lazy,” says Andrey Abrameshin. Everything is wonderful, but this, alas, is only one side of the coin. The other is that we are bringing to fruition projects that have already been developed around the world a long time ago. We spend money, effort, and time on this, instead of creating something completely new. And the main innovator in the space industry today is Elon Musk, who figured out how to make rockets 3-4 times cheaper. His plant is compared to the Ford corporation, which at one time figured out how to assemble cars not in a garage, but on an assembly line. This is a completely different production model than has been adopted so far, and everyone will have to take this into account. “It was not only us who lost the competition, but also US and European companies, that is, the entire space industry, the production model of which was created in the 1950s,” says an expert in the field of space policy, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics. K.E. Tsiolkovsky Andrey Ionin.- First, he seriously pushed aside the Russian Proton and the European Arian 5 in the commercial launch market, and now he is taking orders for launches in the interests of the Pentagon and NASA from Airbus, Boeing and Lockheed Martin. Many reasonably believe that trying to catch up with Musk is useless. I agree. It’s impossible within the framework of inertial logic, but if you break it, as Musk himself did, there are chances. Perhaps we should pose the question differently: if we as humanity want to move into deep space, then why are we putting the costs on nation states? Space, especially long-distance space, is an extremely expensive industry. If you want to fly to the moon, invest yourself. Let's create global public funds. But now there is no such thinking. And the truth is no. Despite talk of international cooperation, each state hopes to “stake out” Mars or Venus and thereby create a technological revolution. And leadership in space, many are sure, will belong to the country that can make this breakthrough. Similar to what the USSR committed in 1957... Elena Kudryavtseva

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